The Beginner’s Guide to Writing a Poetry Term Paper

The Beginner’s Guide to Writing a Poetry Term Paper What is a Poetry Term Paper? While term papers are more common in natural and social sciences, they are assigned to humanities students as well. To put it simply, a poetry term paper is an extensive analytical discussion of a poet, group of poets, poetic movement, or even a single outstanding piece written by a specific author. As students are supposed to demonstrate a deep understanding and familiarity with the course readings, a poetry term paper includes two equally important parts: a critical discussion of the existing literature and their analysis of the text/texts. However, the latter must be backed up as well. An interpretation is only valid if the writer can demonstrate his/her why position. With poetry, the more specific examples you take from the author’s poems, the better. You may feel quite discouraged at first, but hold on for a moment, and you’ll see that writing a poetry term paper can be as fun as composing an IMDB review. Where to Begin? Writing a decent poetry term paper can be challenging for both – a literature major and someone who only takes poetry as an elective course. It may appear simple to discuss Walt Whitman’s sophisticated imagery or Allen Ginsberg’s rebellious Howl. However, in reality, composing a poetry term paper can be an exhausting and, at times, tiresome experience. Students should realize that spending hours reading scholarly literature and polishing delivered ideas is inevitable. That is why it is always a good idea to choose an author or a piece that a writer understands and has personal links with unless the professor assigns a specific topic for all the students. The readers can sense whether the writer is interested in what he/she discusses or not. So, the first and most important task is to choose a topic that inspires you to dig deeper and reflect. How to Choose a Topic for Your Poetry Term Paper Writing? This step is probably the hardest. A term paper is usually at least eight pages long, so choosing a too narrow topic is not a wise decision. If a poem author is not among the most well-known and frequently studied ones, it will be difficult to find appropriate scholarly literature. If a person intends to make term paper as original and unique as possible, it can be achieved. Although, it is necessary to keep in mind that writing about a poet that nobody (or next to nobody) has discussed before is much harder than dealing with the observations to those of literary critics. At the same time, an overly broad topic is a no-go as well. The word count is usually limited. It is hard to compose an adequately deep analytical paper about Sylvia Plath’s entire life story and all of her poetry collections. Thus, the main focus of the work should be narrowed down. Even if the task is to write about someone like Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, or Robert Frost, you can still choose a topic that will be relatively unique and not done to death. Reviewing tons of scholarly literature about the authors will be a challenge though. If there is an opportunity to choose any topic dealing with the course readings, focus on a single aspect of the author’s writing. For instance, discussing the key themes in a poetry collection is a safe choice. The peculiarities of the poet’s versification or how s/he uses the speech figures are also adequate options, even though more complicated ones. Analyzing the way the author supports or transforms poetry genre system is always interesting and not overly ambitious. What students should avoid is focusing on the author’s biography instead of his/her works. The point is that your task is not to write for a history class. Literature critics are interested in Lord Byron’s dramatic shenanigans only as long as they are reflected in his poems. Powerful Poetry Term Paper Topics to Help You Succeed: Central Themes of Walt Whitman’s Drum-Taps; The Use of Onomatopoeia in Dylan Thomas’s Poems; The Symbolism of Gardens in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry; Langston Hughes as a Pioneer of Jazz Poetry; Rawness as a Stylistic Device in the Works of Beat Poets; The Impact of SÃ ¶ren Kierkegaard’s Philosophy on Theodore Roethke’s Works of the 1950s. Not-So-Good Sample Topics: The Poetry of Ezra Pound. The topic is too broad. Environmentalist Poetry of J.S. Shipman. It would be problematic to find any academic literature on the topic as the contemporary poet is understudied. Jack Kerouac’s Hitchhiker. Although this poem is a defining one for Kerouac’s poetry in general, it would be difficult to compose an 8+ page term paper on an eight-line text. Too narrow. James Russell Lowell’s Marriage to Maria White. The topic has nothing to do with poetry or literature whatsoever. Pre-Writing Tips: How Do You Start Writing? It goes without saying that to write a term paper, a person has to be closely familiar with the poems s/he will discuss in it. To read all of them once is not enough. The first reading is always superficial: initial advice is to focus mostly on what is happening in the text, what its central topics are, who the narrator is, etc. To dive deeper, the researcher has to reread the material at least thrice or more. During the second reading, students should pause to make notes on what to observe and how this or that line proves an established vision. Finally, when reading for the last time, the writer has to get a full picture. At this point, it is necessary to consider how the texts form a certain system and relate to the chosen topic. The second step is to conduct preliminary research on the author’s biography, most prominent works, his/her influential predecessors that s/he took as role models, and more. At this stage, it is important not to limit thinking to the chosen topic. It is better to add as many facts about the heroes of the text as possible. If you don’t write on a single poet but work with a school/one particular text/literature epoch, the same thing should be done. There is no such rule to find all the sources that could be included in the final paper. Instead, it is a chance to build an image of whoever/whatever will be analyzed. How to Compose a Helpful Outline? Creating a rough outline will take no more than ten to fifteen minutes. Throughout the writing process, it will help to stay focused and not get carried away from the chosen topic. The outline is similar to a mind map. It contains the paper’s salient points/subthemes, random observations/phrases that occurred during the reading, as well as the thesis statement and brief conclusions. The Structure of the Poetry Term Paper In any paper, the narration should flow step-by-step. In case if a poetry term paper, the required points are the following: Abstract The abstract gives an idea of what the paper is about. Basically, it is the summary of the entire research. It should be concise, about 150-200 words long. Introduction The introduction is the road-map of the paper. It briefly touches upon the main topics discussed. However, unlike the abstract, it is not supposed to summarize any conclusions. Instead, it should be intriguing enough to catch readers’ attention and make them interested in further reading. The last sentence of the introduction is a thesis statement that distinguishes the balanced purpose/position regarding the topic. Background/Literature Review Background section discusses the historical and contextual details of the chosen topic. For instance, if the paper is about Langston Hughes, this part should explain the basic terms, history, and origins of jazz poetry, as well as give a short overview of Hughes’s life path/career. If a student decides to include a separate literature review section in the term paper, s/he should familiarize the reader with the most notable research conducted on the topic, overview, analyze, and critically evaluate a sufficient number of relevant academic sources. Consider journal articles, books, websites, documentaries, and audio/video lectures discussing the author and his/her texts, the genres s/he worked in, and his/her links to the literary canon. The sources can be organized either in chronological order or by the subtopics. Body The body is the core of the term paper. It includes multiple paragraphs presenting ideas backed up by other researchers’ findings and numerous quotes from the analyzed texts. Each of the body paragraphs should start with a topic sentence followed by several supporting points. Then, a person should either cite one of the secondary sources (meaning academic research on the topic) or include a supporting quote from the chosen author’s text followed by a quote analysis. If a student decides to make the body paragraphs longer, both of the above elements can be included. However, s/he should keep in mind that lengthy paragraphs make it difficult for the reader to follow and stay focused. Each body paragraph ends with a concluding sentence and a transition to the next one. Conclusion The conclusion is the section where the writer reminds readers of the key ideas and findings. Ideally, a well-written conclusion must be enough to understand what the entire paper was about and how the researcher/writer has contributed to the topic. The thesis statement should also be restated in the concluding section. References The list of references includes all the sources a person used for the paper, both primary and secondary ones. Primary sources are the chosen author’s poems while the secondary sources include the other researchers’ articles, books, etc. Where to Find Good Trusted Sources? Apart from the university library, which is a safe option, numerous other places can provide an author with high-quality, credible peer-reviewed sources. First of all, online databases are always available and way easier to navigate than traditional libraries. Google Scholar and JSTOR are probably the largest and most well-known. By simply typing ‘Langston Hughes jazz poetry’ into the appropriate bar, a writer will get 2,577 options to choose from. To give an idea, here are the first three of the search results: ‘Noisy Modernism’: The Cultural Politics of Langston Hughess Early Jazz Poetry; A Bibliography of Jazz Poetry Criticism; Ted Joans on Langston Hughes. Nevertheless, you will have to spend hours trying to find the ones that are truly informative and correspond to the topic. The complexity of the research process should not be underestimated. A tiny life hack from our writers: every source at JSTOR is accompanied by auto-generated citations for every format. Instead of wasting your time on tedious citing, just copy and paste the citation in the References list. However, these databases are not the only place to go for literary criticism works. Check this page to browse for high-quality books organized by topic. For instance, for African-American Poetry subcategory, there will be: The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement by Lance Hill; The Cambridge Introduction to Twentieth-Century American Poetry by Christopher Beach; Black American Poets and Dramatists of the Harlem Renaissance and Black American Poets and Dramatists: Before the Harlem Renaissance by Harold Bloom. These scholars need no introduction. Every college student taking a literature course is well-familiar with their names. Finally, although this seems obvious, Wikipedia is not a credible source. The last side note: when you’re trying to find the sources, you realize that the majority of newborn ideas were already voiced by someone else long before, especially if the topic or the author belongs to the classics epoch. This fact must be appreciated as a proof that the text evolves in the right direction. However, academic integrity should not be violated, and it is prohibited to present someone else’s ideas without citation. Plagiarism is a serious offense! The rule is as simple as it gets: if ever in doubt – cite! How to Cite Sources Properly? Here’s What Our Writers Advise: The best website that contains all the necessary information about citing in different styles (MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, etc.) is the Purdue Online Writing Web? There, students will find detailed and well-organized guides for every style and various types of sources, from books to YouTube videos and far beyond. Follow them to guarantee proper citing. Post-Writing Tips to Estimate Your Own Work Critically Once your paper is completed, there comes the proofreading part. Then you proofread again. And again. The more time a person spends on proofreading, the better the work will get. New imperfections will occur every time, from tiny typos to more serious flaws like causality issues and repetitiveness. They are inevitable and nothing to be ashamed of. However, to ensure your reader is not distracted by the little issues, take the proofreading process seriously. This process ends only when no mistakes are left. By the way, asking a friend to read a paper before submitting it is also helpful. When a person reads through his/her writing over and over again, the eyes seem to skip the obvious errors. An ‘outsider’ can notice the flaws that you didn’t catch. The final thing to remember is that nobody expects a student to be the next Umberto Eco or Harold Bloom. So, the final term paper has to show the reader that its’ author is incorporated in the topic and poetry in general, and delivers ideas clearly and perceptively.

Free sample - Bundys Personality Disorder. translation missing

Bundys Personality Disorder. Bundy's Personality DisorderMurder is regarded as one of the most vindictive crimes that can be committed by society. There is one mistaken belief that murderers can be inborn, but this is a very false statement. No one is born a killer; it is our society who gives birth to a numerous murderers and criminals. Unfortunately, we are living in a very cruel world that provokes the increased number of crimes and miscellaneous. History witnessed many murderers. Ted Bendy is one of the most famous and cruel criminals in the history of America and, probably, the whole world. In the case with Bundy, the lack of parental supervision and steady refusal of women contributed to him making normal man cruel serial murderer. Bundy belonged to a kind of man who let the dreams and fantasies control and guide his life; he supposed that life was an amusement and game. Everything in his life and all his surroundings contributed to making Bundy unforgiving, bitter, and mentally unstable person. During the period of 1970’s numerous females became the victims of Bundy (Sullivan, 2009). This man had an extremely unhinged personality. He was suffering from constant nervous depressions.   Absence of fortune, family and normal relationships made this person a cruel murder. Such unstable and cruel behavior of Bundy is rooted from his childhood, as his mother constantly neglected him and this neglecting resulted to a nume rous psychological problems and complexes.   When Ted was four, his mother, Louise moved to Tahoma and there got married with Johnnie Bundy, Ted's stepfather. People who constantly neglected him surrounded Ted. It was the first impact that put the beginning of the negative formation of Ted’s personality. Being a young boy, Bundy was obsessed with women and obscure sexuality. This is a result of poor guidance of his parents, who did not give the boy the opportunity to talk about the things of sexual character. It was a great mistake, as only parents can help in formation of correct behavior of the child and forward his thoughts and feelings to right directions.  Ã‚   While interview Ted Bundy expressed feelings and said that parental participation and safety is very significant in a life of young child. He, personally, did not have such protection and involvement. Bundy was shy by the nature (Keppel, 2009). Being in the high school, he was constantly abused by his fellows and was subjected to disgrace very often. Although he was constantly abused and subjected to such kind of behavior, he was one of the best pupils and managed to have high-grade average during the period of education. According to words of the instructors, Bund was a rather pleasant and successful student. As we know, love is able to change the behavior of every person. Bundy was not an exception in this case. In the spring of 1967, Ted met Stephanie Brooks, the woman of his dreams. This relationship would alter his way of life forever. Stephanie was the first love of Bundy and he was obsessed with such feelings. Stephanie realized that Ted did not have a particular direction in his life, resulting in the uncertainty. Ted and Stephanie finally broke up. This break appeared to a turning point in his behavior and crucial point of his future life. Because of personal faults and unsuccessful relationships, Ted created a personality on his own. Such personality finally drove Ted Bundy to psychopathic behavior. Bundy was so filled up with anger and frustration that finally resulted to his biggest aggravation and mania, women. Unfortunately, history of criminals and killers know many more malicious murderers like Bundy. Society tried to make a lot of attempts to understand the reasons of such behavior and find out the ways of struggling with them and helping such people. Due to Bundy the society who was the first serial murderer, the society was allowed to travel deep in the killer’s mind and make such type of behavior the object of investigations. With the help of the investigations and examinations of such individuals modern science managed to get the necessary explanations. Numerous mental disorders comprises sturdy biological basis and very often inheritance plays a very important role in the abnormal behavior of the criminal. In order to understand this, it is necessary to know and find out whether other members of the family of the criminal have similar disorders. Ted’s grandfather was a cruel person. Probably, this is one of the most essential reasons and basis of Ted's behavior.   A personality disorder is considered the most essential reason of the career criminal. Individuals with the disorders of personality are very often involved in frequent crimes and episodes of disrupting or complicated behavior. Very often, such people are considered to be arrogant, dramatic, or even hateful. In accordance with the DSM IV Ted Bundy possessed the features of narcissistic and a sociopath. He is a sociopath. The full name of such disorder as sociopathy is antisocial personality disorder (APD).   Sociopathy can be sometimes interconnected with psychopathy, although professors do not always agree with this statement (Lyman, 2010). David Lykken, the professor of a psychology supposes that sociopathic individuals possess environmental root, but psychopaths are rooted in hereditary predisposition. The most remarkable feature of sociopathic type of behavior is that such persons can turn on the smile or use the advantage of different social situations to attract people from t heir surroundings into their own web. Ted Bundy, for example, would sometimes pretend a wound like putting the hand into a sling in order to evoke sympathy. All the above-mentioned facts and features prove Ted Bundy to be mentally ill person. However, his mental disorder is not inborn one, as they are the result of difficult life and conditions, as from the very childhood Ted was brought up in the atmosphere of neglecting and cruelty. It left the traces on the individuality of the boy and influenced his future way of life. Reference List Sulivan, K. (2009) The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History. Los Angeles: McFarland Keppel, R. (2009) The Riverman: Ted Bundy and I Hunt for the Green River Killer. Boston: Pocket Lyman, M.D (2010) Criminal Investigation: The Art and the Science (6th Edition) (MyCrimeKit Series). New York: Prentice hall

Virgin Atlantic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virgin Atlantic - Case Study Example They use a mixed Boeing and Airbus fleet, operating between Australia, Asia, the Caribbean, Middle East, Africa, North America, and the UK from bases at Heathrow and Gatwick airports. Virgin Atlantic also operates domestic flights in the UK from March 2013. Virgin Atlantic had 5.3 million passengers in 2011, which makes it the 8th largest airline in the UK. Political influences Tax policies have influenced the airline heavily over the years. Because of its globalization strategy, the different tax policies used by different countries have had an effect on costs. Increased environmental demands by environmentalists have forced Virgin Atlantic to reduce cargo weight and aircraft weight to reduce pollution. This has made Virgin Atlantic research into bio-fuels. Employment laws have also been tightened following cabin crew strikes. In addition, terrorist threats have made Virgin Atlantic take out insurance policies for their crew. Economic factors There is an increasing trend where major ity of countries are seeing decreasing GDP because high unemployment levels and high living standards. This has seen decreasing numbers of clients for Virgin Atlantic. The recent recession has also affected consumer frequency and forced Virgin Atlantic to reduce flights. High exchange rates have also affected Virgin Atlantic due to increased oil prices, resulting in increased airfare. Finally, the increase of interest rates because of slow economic growth, which has seen Virgin Airlines increase airfare because of increased payments on overdrafts and loans. Social factors Various countries practice different religions, and this has made Virgin Atlantic take their staff for training to handle different clients with differing religious beliefs. With different age groups of consumers, Virgin Airlines has installed entertainment for children going on holiday, for instance. Virgin Atlantic, because of its globalization strategy, has also had to train its staff in different languages beca use of the global nature of its clients. Finally, Virgin Atlantic has undertaken various social responsibilities like slum upgrading in Kenya and home sanctuaries for white rhinos and other endangered species. Technological factors These factors influence the lowering of entry barriers for new services and reduction of minimum efficient production. Some include R&D, for example, because of the increased air pollution, Virgin Atlantic undertaken research on the bio-fuel use. In addition, they have also introduced office equipment with internet facilities to cater for business travelers. Technology has also enabled them to communicate with clients, for example, for booking of flights. 2. At Corporate Level there are alternative strategic options for growth that an organisation can take in terms of choices about products or markets. The Ansoff Matrix can be used to identify various strategies that could be adopted by an organisation to pursue growth. Using the Ansoff Matrix, and making reference to examples, evaluate the various strategies that Virgin Atlantic could consider in order to pursue growth to develop their competitive position. Of the four market/product strategies that Ansoff identified, the strategies that Virgin Atlantic is implementing are market expansion or penetration and development of products. These specific strategies come with low risk levels and medium levels of risk for Virgin Atlantic as; indeed, it does for all other companies. The evidence for the strategy of market

Chemistry of Swimming Pool Disinfection Term Paper - 1

Chemistry of Swimming Pool Disinfection - Term Paper Example Of course, if this is the case, then neither should it be surprising that swimming pools need to be maintained in order to guarantee the best possible experience for people who use them. To be more specific, the regular use to which swimming pools are put requires that they be cleaned on a regular basis. Exposed as they are, and frequented by a lot of people, swimming pools are places that are especially prone to infection if neglected. This paper, then, is intended as an explanation of the various measures taken by operators of swimming pools as to how to keep their waters safe, as well as how the public can do their part. As detailed in a report by the World Health Organization (2006), swimming pools are vulnerable to pollutants such as bird droppings or even the rain. And while indoor pools are much safer, even they need to be cleaned at least once in a while just to be absolutely sure. Either way, as noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009), pathological contaminants often abound in swimming pools, which can cause a myriad of conditions such as diarrhea. A pool that is cleaned regularly is in effect guaranteed to be safe for the public to enjoy – guaranteed safe for them to swim in. Otherwise, anyone who takes a dip may be in for a nasty surprise somewhere down the line. In order to avert such an unsavory scenario, those in charge of maintaining the pool regularly subject it to chemical treatment in order to make sure that it remains safe and fit for public consumption. In the words of the Division for Environmental Health (2011), the only way to maintain safe and consistent swimming pool operation is through proper water chemistry. The exact process involved is often rather varied, not only in the chemicals that may be used but also in the methods employed. For one thing, disinfectants may be used to rid the water of harmful, objectionable or

Law Conflicts Essay Example for Free

Law Conflicts Essay Situational Analysis on Children in Conflict with the Law and the Juvenile Justice System Atty. Sedfrey Candelaria; Atty. Aleli Domingo; Amanda Roselle Abrera; Geo Carbonell; Ma. Victoria Cardona and Tricia Oco Adhikain Para sa Karapatang Pambata (AKAP) of the Ateneo Human Rights Center, Ateneo Law School and United Nations Children’s Fund, 1998. E-mail: [emailprotected]/ [emailprotected] The Philippine Senate, through Resolution No. 109 dated July 20, 1990 ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) paving the way for the Convention’s implementation at the domestic level. This afforded children the set of protective rights related to the juvenile justice system under Articles 37, 39, and 40. The Philippine Government submitted its compliance commentaries on these provisions in its Initial Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in 1993. In response, the CRC committee submitted the following principal concerns: †¢ need for national legislation to conform with the convention †¢ need for efficient mechanisms to monitor the situation of these children in conflict with the law †¢ need for compatibility of the present juvenile justice system to the principles and provisions of the convention and other international standards The development of a situational analysis on children in conflict with the law and the juvenile justice system is deemed necessary to guide policy-makers in implementing effective programs and procedures to protect the rights of the child. Purpose of the Research Last May 7, 1997, a consultative meeting was conducted, with representatives from the five pillars of criminal justice: law enforcement, prosecution, courts, correction and the community. The main purpose was to gather more data and to validate initial observations  and analysis on the status of juvenile justice administration in the Philippines. The objectives of the research were therefore constituted as follows: †¢ To analyze data and existing studies on children in conflict with the law; †¢ To assess the current situation of the administration of juvenile justice in light of the principles and relevant provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (e.g. Articles 37, 39 and 40); and †¢ To recommend practical and achievable steps toward reforming the juvenile justice system. Methodology The research team reviewed the data covering 1993 to 1997 on various aspects of the juvenile justice process. This was derived from existing studies, surveys or reports prepared by a number of groups concerned with children in conflict with the law. These materials were supplemented by actual interviews and responses to questionnaires sent to selected institutional respondents. A series of dialogues with judges of designated courts for children’s cases were also conducted from April to June 1997. Findings The data reveals that while there are Philippine laws, rules and regulations applicable to children in conflict with the law, prosecution and trial procedures in general do not make distinctions between adult and youthful offenders facing charges before the courts. As regards the profile of the Filipino child in conflict with the law, findings show that the youthful offender is: usually male; between the ages of fourteen (14) to seventeen (17) years; an elementary graduate; a middle child from a low-income family with four (4) to six (6) members; charged with property related crimes (robbery and theft); and, exposed to drugs or gang influence. The experience of a number of youthful offenders with the various stages of the juvenile justice process reveals occasional neglect and insensitivity by duty holders. Analysis The following is a brief analysis of the three sub-sections pertaining to the legal framework and processes, institutional framework, and the narrative and statistical report. It will underscore the strengths as well the gaps of the Philippine juvenile justice system as these affect the rights of children in conflict with the law. The discussion of the Philippine legal framework and processes tend to confirm the state of legislative reform in this country, particularly in regard to juvenile justice, as observed by the Committee on the Rights of the Child. It further affirms that while there are laws protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law, Philippine legislators have yet to seriously consider reviewing existing laws. In terms of priority, existing jurisdiction of designated courts over juvenile and domestic relations cases, including cases of youthful offenders, needs to be enhanced by passing legislation on the creation of child and family courts. In line with this reorganization, procedural rules applicable to these courts will be necessary. Therefore, findings of this report on the conduct of court proceedings involving children clearly support: †¢ a move towards restructuring the jurisdiction of some lower courts ; †¢ a set of procedural rules in the handling of children’s cases; and a set of clear-cut criteria for appointment of judges to a specialized child and family court. Various surveys and studies reveal an interesting finding on the average age of youthful offenders to be mostly male and between fourteen (14) andmseventeen (17) years of age. Indeed, this is rather significant in light of the observation of the Committee on the Rights of the Child that Philippine substantive law on the age of penal responsibility is quite low (below nine (9) years). Socio-cultural factors, however, must be closely considered when reviewing the present standard contained in our penal laws and the Child and Youth Welfare Code. Other substantive rights, such as, the constitutional guarantees of an accused are adequately covered by existing laws. The application and practice of these rights in favor of children facing the justice system do not seem to be monitored effectively by the key institutions of the juvenile justice system. An example is the lack of quantitative and qualitative data from the enforcement and judicial sectors concerning compliance with the constitutional and CRC standards on the rights of the youthful offenders at the apprehension, investigation, and trial stages. Selected incidents of violations of the rights of some children arrested, investigated and tried before the courts, as narrated in this report, tend to suggest that there may be more of these incidents in practice occurring at various stages of the juvenile justice process. Non-observance of the CRC standards may be attributed to inadequate training and lack of sensitivity of some law enforcement personnel, prosecutors and even judges in handling of cases of children in conflict with the law. Given the limits of the existing procedural system dealing with youthful offenders, police, prosecutors and judges have sufficient discretion occasionally to ensure that the procedural laws aim at diversion measures rather than passively allow an investigation or judicial process to proceed. It has been emphasized in the said report that every measure be taken to avoid placing the child within the often stressful environment of litigation. Sometimes, this is even aggravated by the protracted delays in the disposition of cases contrary to conventional standards of speedy justice. A more disturbing reality is the unfortunate condition faced by most detained and sentenced youthful offenders in public jails and similar institutions.  Despite clearly stated guidelines, laws and policies regarding the treatment of detained and sentenced juveniles, there exists a startling disregard for a most basic standard. Such is the segregation of children from adult offenders inside detention centers or jails. This continues to stand out as a sore thumb in our review of existing practices on this issue. The objectives of the juvenile justice system could easily be eroded by this situation of youth offenders in detention or those serving sentence. Neither do most physical facilities and development opportunities for detained or sentenced children adequately meet the standards set by the CRC and related U.N. guidelines. The budget allocated by the government for food and other basic necessities hardly promotes the standard to meet all the requirements of health and human dignity. Rehabilitation programs through (non-institutional) community-based services are being resorted to more often by DSWD. This is a move towards the right direction. However, support services are needed in the form of financial assistance, education, and employment for the returning youthful offender. Conclusions One of the remarkable contributions of the CRC to the issue of juvenile justice is the emphasis made on the impact of societal conditions on the growth and development of a child. Several factors contribute to a child’s transformation either into an accomplished member of society or one who finds himself or herself in conflict with the law. Within the context of duties and responsibilities, it may be argued that those with the primary right and duty in the rearing of a child deserve the unqualified support of the State authorities and institutions through the creation of an environment conducive to the wholesome development of a child. This research has confirmed that the situation of children in conflict with the law was better understood when viewed not only within the limited context of the commission of the crime itself. Instead, it focused more directly on the failure of some duty-holders to provide for an environment  that can promote the fullest potential of a child. A convergence of circumstances more often places the child in a situation leading to the commission of a crime. A dysfunctional family relationship, poverty or peer influence create conditions which may push the youth towards conflict with the law. In the Philippine juvenile justice system, the child generally enjoys guarantees distinguishable from adults. However, the judicial process itself, consisting of the criminal procedure and the rules of admissibility of evidence, does not provide an exclusive mode of conducing trial. The juveniles, as accused before courts of general jurisdiction, are designated to a juvenile and domestic relations court. There is a general impression that the revival of exclusive child and family courts may be contribute towards effective management of cases of youthful offenders. The experience of some Filipino youthful offenders with the justice system has been characterized occasionally with neglect and insensitivity by a number of judges, prosecutors and private lawyers, notwithstanding the well-entrenched judicial guarantees. This is not to overlook, however, the recent efforts of inter-agency task forces aimed at raising awareness of the legal profession on the conditions of children in conflict with the law. Society’s attitude towards returning youthful offenders or those in community-based rehabilitation programs is crucial in successfully reintegrating these children. The present report underscores the vulnerability of those youthful offenders staying in â€Å"closed† institutions and prisons. Recommendations After careful analysis and investigation of the situation of children in conflict with the law and realizing the many gaps of the Philippine juvenile justice system, the following recommendations were drawn: †¢ Law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, court social welfare officers, public attorneys and legal aid groups should be given orientation seminars  on international human rights instruments and child-related laws with emphasis on juvenile justice †¢ Government agencies and institutions engaged in defending youthful offenders should coordinate their efforts in providing protection to these children by establishing a common monitoring system covering the various stages of the juvenile justice system process. †¢ Specialized juvenile and domestic relations courts should be created. †¢ Support programs for streetchildren and other similarly vulnerable children should be increased as preventive measures. †¢ More facilities exclusively for children who are detained and sentenced should be constructed to prevent mingling with adult offenders. †¢ Community awareness of and involvement in non-institutional rehabilitation programs and services should be enhanced. †¢ Non-governmental organizations engaged in multi-disciplinary outreach programs with children in conflict with the law should form a network to maximize extension of assistance of these children. †¢ A comprehensive review of existing laws and procedures on juvenile justice in light of the CRC and other international standard-setting instruments affecting children in conflict with the law should be undertaken for purposes of law reform.

Tough Guy Case Study: Managing Organizational Conflict Essay -- Tough

Introduction: The Tough guy case study focuses on Chip Mazey, a newly appointed Vice President of the Hudson Smith Gordon. Though many of the employees that worked with Chip Mazey had a problem with his attitude around the workplace, none was bold enough to confront him. The employees faced many challenges as none of them has the power to change. They all considered it â€Å"tricky business†. The employees were hesitant to report Mazey’s attitude mainly because they thought he would deny the allegations or reporting it to the seniors would result in a tense situation within the workplace. As such, they all chose to bear with his sharp, unprovoked, and unrelenting lashings. Defining the Problem: Chip Mazey, man who has been with the organization, has done wonders to the organization with his sheer intelligence and working style, known to have shown productive results. Yet he also had bagged the ill reputation of being a ruthless and reprove in nature. Mazey though has been part of the organization for a longtime, developed poor interpersonal and managerial skills. Hardly appreciates of their work, never gave credit or appreciated for good work and also had disgusting behavior of selling other’s ideas as his. His mantra for controlling and influencing his subordinates was to put them under pressure and float fear among them. Almost every employee have a disconcerting experiences with VP. In fact Mazey doesn’t share all the details that are required to complete the task, created panic in the minds of the employees by showcasing the meetings which were not planned and used to assign the tasks which were no necessity. He constantly took means of threatening, demand ing, intimidating which clearly shows that he was dominant in nature and... ...ngo. Manuel Mendonca. Ethical Dimensions of Leadership. ISBM 0-8039-5787-4. SAGE Publications, India. Lussier, R.N., & Achua, C.F., (2010). Leadership, Theory, Application, & Skill Development. (4th ed). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Allen Nan, S. (2008). Conflict resolution in a network society. International Negotiation, 13(1), 111-131. doi:10.1163/138234008X297995 Brubaker, D., & Verdonk, T. (1999). Conflict transformation training in another culture: A case study from Angola. Mediation Quarterly, 16(3), 303-319. Tost, L., Gino, F., & Larrick, R.P (2013). When power makes others speechless: The negative Impact of Leader power on team performance. Academy Of Management Journal, 56(5), 1465-1486. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0180 Yemen, G., Clawson, J., & Bigelow, E.T. (2007). Tough Guy. University of Virginia, Darden Business Publishing.

Renaissance Comparison Essay

Renaissance Comparison Essay Tom Barnes HUM/205 3-21-2010 Janet Florick In the broader scheme of things, the social changes in Italy were inspired, as we've seen, by Humanism. Italian artists, writers and philosophers were driven to study Classical antiquity and explore man's supposed capacity for rational choice. They believed that Humanism led to more dignified and worthy humans. In the north (possibly in part because the north did not have works of antiquity from which to learn), change was brought about by a different rationale. Thinking minds in the north were more concerned with religious reform, feeling that Rome (from whom they were physically distanced) had strayed too far from Christian values. In fact, as northern Europe became more openly rebellious over the authority of the Church, art took a decidedly secular turn. This plays a major role in how the arts impacted and what type of relationship the arts had in the culture of both the North and Italy. Another common factor of both during the Renaissance was the Guild system. The Guild system started to arise during the Gothic period, Guilds were the best path a man could go down to learn a craft, be it painting, sculpture, or saddle making. These Guilds were very similar to the trade unions of our modern day. Training in any specialty was long, rigorous and comprised of multiple steps. These Guilds had a self-policing policy, most of the money exchanging hands-when works of art were commissioned and paid for went to the Guild members. These Guild systems seemed to be more in place in Northern Europe than Italy. One last similarity of the two is they both had a definite artistic center. In Italy it was Florence were all artists looked for inspiration and innovation. In Northern Europe it was Flanders which was part of then the Duchy of Burgundy. This was a thriving city which like Florence made its money in banking and wool. Each of these cultures had their own specific style. Both cultures with similarities and differences set aside gave a new birth to the social and art movements in the world of that time period. These new movements are part of what has helped shape our modern era of art today. References Essak, Shelley. (2010). The Renaissance In Northern Europe. _About. com Art History Fine art touch (2010). The Venetian Renaissance. Retrieved March 19, 2010, from The City Review (2010). Retrieved March 20, 2010, from www. thecityreview. com

Critical Lens of to Kill a Mocking Bird, and a Raisin in the Sun

It was Robert G. Ingersoll who once said; â€Å"The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. † In other words, he is trying to convey to us that in life, it is how we deal with our failures, and not the actions we take during our high points that matter most. This is because who we are and how we act during our lows are what define us as people. In accordance with this quote, two examples in which this idea occurs constantly are Lorraine Hansberry’s controversial play, A Raisin in the Sun, and Harper Lee’s renowned novel, To Kill a Mockingbird.Let’s delve into these pieces of literature to thrust Ingersoll’s philosophy into light. A Raisin in the Sun portrays a few weeks in the life of the Youngers, an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the1950s. The Youngers live in a world where prejudice and racial ignorance have a grip on the masses, making their life very difficult. After the death of Mrs. Younger’s (or Mama) beloved husband, an insurance check finally comes to them for about 10,000 dollars.Confident that his plan of opening a liquor store will solve the Younger’s financial issues thus far, Walter Younger took it upon himself to invest most of his money into opening his store with two of his colleagues. In a terrible turn of events, one of his partners took off with all of the money Walter invested, leaving him with nothing. After this catastrophic mistake, Walter feels at an all time low. With temptation coming from Mr. Linder to give up their dream of moving into a permanent house for a bribe, Walter almost budges and submits, but at the last minute, he has an epiphany.He realizes that his family’s pride and honor cannot be bought, and he rejected Mr. Linder’s bribe, and the Youngers made the bold move into Clybourne Park, an all-white neighborhood, with their heads held high, and looking positively into the future. Walter’s wife, Ruth gets a massive blow when she is stunned by an unexpected pregnancy. In the Younger’s current situation, Ruth having a baby would be completely detrimental to their already crumbling financial situation.Her resolve was tested by the easy way out when she was tempted to go to an abortion clinic. As this possibility and all of the stress from the pregnancy was building up on Ruth’s already troubled mind, she felt very lost. After Walter found out about the pregnancy (And Ruth’s planning of an abortion), he became very upset with his wife, saying that an abortion was not the answer, and he believed that even if brining a new life into a troubled situation would be difficult, he said that it was a challenge worth taking on.Walter’s bravery when facing Mr. Linder inspired Ruth to take her hardship head on and do the right thing instead of taking a defeat with a defeated honor. To Kill a Mockingbird revolves around Scout Finch, who lives  with her b rother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, in the sleepy Alabama town of Maycomb. Near the beginning of the story, Atticus is assigned a virtually impossible case, in the defense of a black man (Tom Robinson) accused of raping and battering a white woman (Mayella Ewell).Unlike most everybody else in town, Atticus can look beyond the color of Tom’s skin and truly see Tom’s innocence and decency. Taking a bold stance in the case, he fights with every iota of his being to bring into light Tom’s innocence and the flaws of the prosecution, who’s entire argument was based on circumstantial evidence and racial advantages (white vs. black in a racially prejudiced milieu). Although Atticus made an excellent defense, the jury still found Tom guilty.Atticus was completely crushed, but he nonetheless held his head high and showed optimism when he told Tom they still had another chance. To show appreciation for all of Atticus’ effort and dignity in the cas e, the African American balcony had a standing ovation for Atticus to honor his job well done, and this shows a perfect example of a defeat showing a test of courage. On the other end of this spectrum, we have Tom Robinson, who was actually the focus of this court case.Just trying to offer friendly assistance to a woman in need, tom frequently offered a helping to Mayella Ewell, who comes from a very unfortunate family situation, financially and abuse wise. Eventually, Mayella fell in love with Tom, and then pursued him, but Tom being a decent married man rejected. In a sudden twist, this scenario turned into Tom raping Mayella and the entire community turning on him. After a rigorous trial, the jury, as we know, found Tom guilty. In this defeat, Tom attempted to escape the officers and make a run for it.His resolve was shattered by his defeat, and he ended up paying his life for it. Perhaps if he had waited for the second trial, he may have been found innocent. As proven again and again in these two works and many others, â€Å"The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. † All thorough history this statement has been proven to be true. We must always remember that it is how we present ourselves during our worst times, and this is what defines us.

Definition and Examples of Sententiae in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Sententiae in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, a  sententia  is a maxim, proverb, aphorism, or popular quotation: a brief expression of conventional wisdom. Plural: sententiae. A  sententia, said the Dutch  Renaissance humanist  Erasmus, is an adage  that bears particularly on â€Å"instruction in living (Adagia, 1536). See Examples and Observations below. Also see: 2,000 Pure Fools: An Anthology of AphorismsCommonplaceEnthymemeLogosWhat Is a Maxim? EtymologyFrom the Latin, feeling, judgment, opinion Examples and Observations It is best to insert sententiae discreetly, that we may be viewed as judicial advocates, not moral instructors.(Rhetorica ad Herennium, c. 90 BC)A mans as miserable as he thinks he is.(Seneca the Younger)No man is laughable who laughs at himself.(Seneca the Younger)Things forbidden have a secret charm.(Tacitus)Greater things are believed of those who are absent.(Tacitus)A bad peace is worse than war.(Tacitus)Post-Ciceronian Latin gave vigor and point to style by the frequent use of sententiaeclever, sometimes epigrammatic, apothegmatic turns of phrase: what oft was thought but ner so well expressd, as Alexander Pope was to put it. Quintilian devotes a chapter to sententiae (8.5), acknowledging that they had become a necessary part of the orators art.(George A. Kennedy, Classical Rhetoric. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University  Press, 2001)Sententiae in the Renaissance- A sententia, which had overtones of its classical Latin sense of judgement, was a pithy and memorable phrase : a recitall of some grave matter which both beautified and graced a style. Several writers were clear that testimony could take the form of a Notable sentence or was a sententia of a witness. Richard Sherry, in his Treatise of Schemes and Tropes (1550), closely associated the sententia with the argument from testimony or authority when he defined it as one of the seven kinds of figure called Indicacio, or authoritie.(R.W. Serjeantson, Testimony. Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson, Gavin Alexander, and Katrin Ettenhuber. Cambridge University  Press, 2008)- Scholasticism developed around the medieval tendency to treat ancient sourcesboth the Bible and certain texts of classical antiquityas authoritative. So strong was this tendency that individual sentences from a respected source, even when taken out of context, could be employed to secure a point in debate. These isolated statements from ancient sources were called sententiae. Some authors collected large number s of sententiae into anthologies for educational and disputational purposes. Disputes centered on debatable points suggested by one or more sententiae, these debatable notions being called quaestiones. Education by debating general topics drawn from authoritative statements reveals one way in which rhetorical and dialectical practices made their way into the Middle Ages. . . .Writers now known as the Italian Humanists were responsible for a resurgence of interest in the languages and texts of classical antiquity during the Renaissance period, an orientation referred to as classicism. . . .[T]he Humanists sought to place the text in its historical context, in order to establish the correct value of words and phrases. . . . As noted [above], the scholastic practice of splintering classical sources into individual statements or sententiae led to the loss of original meaning and even of authorial identity. Charles Nauert writes, from Petrarch onward, humanists insisted on reading each o pinion in its context, abandoning the anthologies . . . and subsequent interpretations and going back to the full original text in search of the authors real meaning.(James A. Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2005) Pronunciation: sen-TEN-she-ah

Empirical Rule for Mean, Median, and Mode

Empirical Rule for Mean, Median, and Mode Within sets of data, there are a variety of descriptive statistics. The mean, median and mode all give measures of the center of the data, but they calculate this in different ways: The mean is calculated by adding all of the data values together, then dividing by the total number of values.The median is calculated by listing the data values in ascending order, then finding the middle value in the list.The mode is calculated by counting how many times each value occurs. The value that occurs with the highest frequency is the mode. On the surface, it would appear that there is no connection between these three numbers. However, it turns out that there is an empirical relationship between these measures of center. Theoretical vs. Empirical Before we go on, it is important to understand what we are talking about when we refer to an empirical relationship and contrast this with theoretical studies. Some results in statistics and other fields of knowledge can be derived from some previous statements in a theoretical manner. We begin with what we know, and then use logic, mathematics, and deductive reasoning and see where this leads us. The result is a direct consequence of other known facts. Contrasting with the theoretical is the empirical way of acquiring knowledge. Rather than reasoning from already established principles, we can observe the world around us. From these observations, we can then formulate an explanation of what we have seen. Much of science is done in this manner. Experiments give us empirical data. The goal then becomes to formulate an explanation that fits all of the data. Empirical Relationship In statistics, there is a relationship between the mean, median and mode that is empirically based. Observations of countless data sets have shown that most of the time the difference between the mean and the mode is three times the difference between the mean and the median. This relationship in equation form is: Mean – Mode 3(Mean – Median). Example To see the above relationship with real world data, let’s take a look at the U.S. state populations in 2010. In millions, the populations were: California - 36.4, Texas - 23.5, New York - 19.3, Florida - 18.1, Illinois - 12.8, Pennsylvania - 12.4, Ohio - 11.5, Michigan - 10.1, Georgia - 9.4, North Carolina - 8.9, New Jersey - 8.7, Virginia - 7.6, Massachusetts - 6.4, Washington - 6.4, Indiana - 6.3, Arizona - 6.2, Tennessee - 6.0, Missouri - 5.8, Maryland - 5.6, Wisconsin - 5.6, Minnesota - 5.2, Colorado - 4.8, Alabama - 4.6, South Carolina - 4.3, Louisiana - 4.3, Kentucky - 4.2, Oregon - 3.7, Oklahoma - 3.6, Connecticut - 3.5, Iowa - 3.0, Mississippi - 2.9, Arkansas - 2.8, Kansas - 2.8, Utah - 2.6, Nevada - 2.5, New Mexico - 2.0, West Virginia - 1.8, Nebraska - 1.8, Idaho - 1.5, Maine - 1.3, New Hampshire - 1.3, Hawaii - 1.3, Rhode Island - 1.1, Montana - .9, Delaware - .9, South Dakota - .8, Alaska - .7, North Dakota - .6, Vermont - .6, Wyoming - .5 The mean population is 6.0 million. The median population is 4.25 million. The mode is 1.3 million. Now we will calculate the differences from the above: Mean – Mode 6.0 million – 1.3 million 4.7 million.3(Mean – Median) 3(6.0 million – 4.25 million) 3(1.75 million) 5.25 million. While these two differences numbers do not match exactly, they are relatively close to one another. Application There are a couple of applications for the above formula. Suppose that we do not have a list of data values, but do know any two of the mean, median or mode. The above formula could be used to estimate the third unknown quantity. For instance, if we know that we have a mean of 10, a mode of 4, what is the median of our data set? Since Mean – Mode 3(Mean – Median), we can say that 10 – 4 3(10 – Median). By some algebra, we see that 2 (10 – Median), and so the median of our data is 8. Another application of the above formula is in calculating skewness. Since skewness measures the difference between the mean and the mode, we could instead calculate 3(Mean – Mode). To make this quantity dimensionless, we can divide it by the standard deviation to give an alternate means of calculating the skewness than using moments in statistics. A Word of Caution As seen above, the above is not an exact relationship. Instead, it is a good rule of thumb, similar to that of the range rule, which establishes an approximate connection between the standard deviation and range. The mean, median and mode may not fit exactly into the above empirical relationship, but there’s a good chance that it will be reasonably close.

Defining Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Defining Terrorism - Essay Example As report declares a group can be treated as an individual who batters the society. Society again can be of varying types. A patriarchal society implies that men have the right to dominate over others. The cultural belief that husbands have the right to batter wife leads to terrorism. Hence for domestic violence to flourish three factors become necessary – the desire to dominate, culture that tolerates violence and stressful conditions which limit the sufferers capabilities to respond. This paper discusses that the terrorist activity results from financial, emotional, and psychological instability. They are paranoids and split personalities. They undergo depression, anxiety, and anger. They use violence to control and get what they want. Terrorist violence is anger-driven and children to display tantrums. Men who batter their wives also inflict mental injury on their children. Jealousy could also be a reason to instigate the terrorist. Sexual jealousy and infidelity is a common ground for domestic violence. Anger and hatred instigate a person to inflict torture. The various ways in which domestic violence takes place starts from verbal use and moves on to physical violence. It shows the hatred the terrorist has for the victim at the same time gives rise to a reciprocal feeling of hatred in the victim also. This immediately gives a feeling of fear and powerlessness in the victim. They even threaten the victim of dire consequences if they reveal the torture to other members in the family.