Cloud Computing for Smart

Question: Examine about the Cloud Computing for S-bazaar. Answer: Cloud Benefits Given the enormous size of S-bazaar a distributed computing framework would be productive as the need to build up physical servers is dispensed with [6]. Size of server farms can be hugely diminished which thusly would decrease the upkeep cost of the equivalent. The versatility of cloud is incredibly high and the extra room can be handily expanded as the client base of S-store in colossal. If there should be an occurrence of customary server farms, the establishment expenses of new server are high when contrasted with the expense caused by distributed computing. Joint effort in the computerized space is a lot simpler when information is put away in a cloud. S-Mart distributes information identified with the product offering, clients and the buys. Distributing of this information can be brisk and mistake free when done through a distributed computing framework. Business Continuity: Protecting information is fundamental for business congruity. Distributed computing guarantee information back up and simple recuperation of lost information [2]. It is amazingly proficient in limiting personal time because of information misfortune and rapidly sets the business fully operational. The help administrations gave by cloud specialist co-ops is vigorous. Numerous suppliers have a devoted 24*7 help administration set up and the SLA is brisk [7]. Thus, S-bazaar would not need to stress over support issue of the information frameworks. Cloud Risks Should be associated with the web: Cloud needs access to the web and there are not very many capacities that should be possible disconnected. Security: Most specialist organizations encourage the best security administrations for distributed storage. Be that as it may, it is as yet unsafe to put secret and significant documents with an outsider [3]. Additionally, since the cloud is extremely open the opportunity of hacking and break by outer powers is available. In any case, the probability of a similar happening is low because of the different security levels and industry endorsements applied by the specialist organization [8]. Restricted Control: Since the customer doesn't possess the foundation of cloud and the equivalent is totally claimed by the specialist co-op, constrained control of framework backend, for example, firmware the board is given to the customer [5]. Seller Lock In: This is a significant issue when a customer chooses to change the cloud specialist organization. In spite of the fact that the different advances of distributed computing had propelled, merchant lock in is one issue where the innovation needs. Incorporating current cloud applications on another stage may get testing Cost: Computation of the expense for relocating ti cloud can be precarious. It is basic to ensure that all the customary applications utilized are bolstered by cloud also [1]. In the event that, this isn't understood, costs as good applications would emerge. Cloud Based System Design The underneath picture delineates an example of the engineering of the cloud based framework that would be executed for S-shop. The picture is of a failover multi-cloud design where cloud X is the essential cloud where all the information is really put away while cloud Y is a reinforcement distributed storage. This offers Infrastructure as a support of store information with virtual machines, servers and so forth [4]. Figure 1: Proposed cloud framework based engineering for S-store Source: https://docs.rightscale.com/cm/designers_guide/cm-distributed computing framework engineering diagrams.html Structure supports The engineering referenced in Figure 1 has been decided for the underneath reasons. The heap on the cloud is immense during week by week updates of large information by S-bazaar and consequently an optional cloud with a server exhibit would be useful if there should arise an occurrence of surprising burden. The auxiliary database gave high back up security and almost no possibility of information misfortune Because of the different parts of S-store working on cloud, the heap balancer has been introduced which partitions load similarly to all the applications, that would do the calculation procedure Every one of the application processor of the server cluster would initially interface with the essential database, in any case, if there should arise an occurrence of high burden the replication of information done however open and private IP can be utilized to guarantee that the calculation speed doesn't diminish. The above plan is perfect for S-shop on the off chance that as the organization routinely watches immense information, with various divisions putting away and recovering information structure the cloud. The replication framework guarantees that the information is supported up consistently and is productive during information recuperation. The heap balancers help the server cluster to perform calculation quicker. References Chaisiri, Sivadon, Bu-Sung Lee, and Dusit Niyato. Advancement of asset provisioning cost in distributed computing. Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on 5, no. 2 (2012): 164-177. Erl, Thomas, Ricardo Puttini, and Zaigham Mahmood. Distributed computing: ideas, innovation, engineering. Pearson Education, 2013. Hashizume, Keiko, David G. Rosado, Eduardo Fernndez-Medina, and Eduardo B. Fernandez. An investigation of security issues for distributed computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-13. Jadeja, Yaju, and Kavan Modi. Distributed computing ideas, engineering and difficulties. In Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on, pp. 877-880. IEEE, 2012. Moreno-Vozmediano, Rafael, Rubn S. Montero, and Ignacio M. Llorente. Key difficulties in distributed computing: Enabling the future web of administrations. Internet Computing, IEEE 17, no. 4 (2013): 18-25. Wang, Cong, Qian Wang, Kui Ren, Ning Cao, and Wenjing Lou. Toward secure and trustworthy capacity benefits in distributed computing. Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on 5, no. 2 (2012): 220-232. Younis, M. Y. An., and Kashif Kifayat. Secure distributed computing for basic foundation: An overview. Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, Tech. Rep (2013). Zissis, Dimitrios, and Dimitrios Lekkas. Tending to distributed computing security issues. Future Generation PC frameworks 28, no. 3 (2012): 583-592.

How Personal Can Ethics Get Essay

Talk about how close to home contrasts and inclinations can affect authoritative morals. Authoritative morals are morals of an association. As per (Butts and Rich, 2008) The morals of an association alludes to an association endeavor to characterize its missions and qualities, perceive values that could cause strain, look for best answers for these pressures, and deal with the tasks to keep up its qualities. In managing individuals from varying backgrounds and various ethics it can without much of a stretch set up a scaffold, between ones qualities and convictions. After all we are who we are as per the â€Å"Stages of Moral Development† created by Lawrence Kohlberg who is most popular in the field of brain research of moral dynamic and conduct. One’s own convictions and standards can affect their workplace on the off chance that they are reliable, epitomizes an inspirational demeanor, function admirably with individuals (interior and outer in the workplace), trustworthy, and so on. This sort of individual is somebody who might be considered to have an extraordinary effect in an association, as a result of the qualities and convictions they show in the work place. In the interim an individual, who is viewed as discourteous, has an antagonistic mentality (towards individuals in and outside of the workplace), needs uprightness, and languid (continually accomplishing something upper-gave to get by), the odds of that individual being the destruction of an association is 80/20, because of the reality this individual is somebody who doesn’t esteem others prosperity, in light of the negative ethics they learned. A person’s proficient morals are only a development of their scholarly individual morals. Individual contrasts and inclinations sway associations constantly, which is the reason it is so significant morals, assume a key job with the goal that dishonest conduct doesn’t go unnoticed. Talk about how authoritative approaches and systems can affect morals. Hierarchical arrangements and systems can have both a positive and negative contact concerning morals. An association may have a positive effect if approaches and methodology depend on great business morals.

Telomere Blood Test

Telomere Blood Test Telomere Blood Test Home›Science Posts›Telomere Blood Test Science PostsFollowing the introduction of a telomere blood test in the British market, there has been a lot of controversy on whether the test should be provided by the government or not. This blood test is about the use of the human telomeres to determine individuals’ death age. This is done by observing the length of the telomeres in an individual’s DNA. Short telomeres are known to weaken the biological system of a human being; hence, reducing his or her lifespan.If the study is proved to be accurate, it should not be provided by the government as it has devastating effects on people. Knowledge of their death age will cause people to live careless, immoral and reckless lives. Moreover, this will make many of the experience anxiety, shock, a lot of medication, resignation and loss of motivation to work and study. Therefore, it should not be allowed to be used by the people.To begin with, knowledge of the age death will cause individuals to lose motivation workplace, schools or in families. With certainty about their death time, many people will hope and stimulation to carry on with their career and studies. This, in a way, will have a negative impact on their families and on the economy of their various countries. Economy weakens when people of a country stop working hard. This will also have an impact on their families’ economic status as they it will lead to poverty, especially when there is no other source of livelihood. For that reason, the government should not offer the use of the test as it will cause more harm to the people than good.Offering this method to the public will also arouse a lot of anxiety as many people fear death. When people know their death age, they will live anxiously and hence failure to concentrate in their day to day activities. Additionally, the government should not offer the blood test to the people as it might lead to shock, which, in turn, lead to many oth er health problems like stroke and hypertension. Because of fear of death, individuals can get shocked to death, heart attack or hypertension. Therefore, allowing the public to access the test by the government is a dangerous since it will subject the people to a lot of pain, worries and frustrations.The test’s access to public is inappropriate as it forces many people to resort to medication as they attempt to live longer. This will have detrimental effects on their health as some of the drugs have side effects. Therefore, the drugs that are meant to improve their health and lengthen the telomeres will, on the contrary, cause health problems among individuals. Additionally, knowledge about their death age will influence the individuals’ moral status. Knowledge about their time of death will cause any individuals to indulge in immoral activities, such as, crime and drug abuse. Wealthy individuals will squander their property with the knowledge of their death age as they would wa nt to live it behind.The availability of the blood test to the public will be very beneficial to the life insurance companies as many people will resort to making a lot of subscriptions to them. Nonetheless, this will negatively affect other investments activities since individuals will concentrate more on the paying the insurance companies. Subsequently, families will be left with no investment on depend on as all the money is with the insurance companies. This financial irresponsibility can be avoided by withholding the blood test from the public.In conclusion, the blood test could be very essential in preparing one for what lies ahead, but it has negative effects on individuals. Letting them undergo the test will expose them to fear, anxiety, frustration, health difficulties, financial irresponsibility, immorality and low family and national economy. Therefore, the government should provide the test to the public in order to maintain order among the people.

Pictures and Profiles of Feathered Dinosaurs

The Issue Of Gun Control - 1932 Words

Adam Minniear Ms. Revenaugh English 9, period 6 10 December 2015 Mo Guns, Mo Problems On July 23, 2015, a 59-year-old man with a history of mental and legal problems shot up a movie theater in Lafayette, Louisiana(â€Å"Shootings Expose Gaps in Background Check System†). Even more shocking than this is the fact that the gun this man had purchased was purchased legally through a loophole in the current gun control regulations, which is exactly why these regulations must be tightened. What is gun control you might ask? Well, gun control is what the government has done to handle how a gun is made, how it is sold, and what citizens can and cannot do with a gun. Gun control is very important to society because if we didn’t have it, not just America, but the world would be anarchy since there wouldn’t be any laws that say that a person cannot go shoot up a school or shoot an innocent man on the streets. So basically, without gun control, anybody could do anything with a gun. As stated above, gun control is important to society because if we didn’ t have it, it would allow anybody to do anything with a gun. So we need gun control to ensure our safety and to ensure that our world doesn’t breakout into anarchy. One example of gun control in action would be that in the 1990 s, ordinary people were not allowed to carry around a gun in most places. But then in 1987 almost all local governments allowed the citizens to carry guns. Then in the later 1990 s, the governments started to blameShow MoreRelatedGun Issue And Gun Control1401 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity, Gun Politics has been a course I have aspired to take. While many enroll in such a course looking for an escape from the â€Å"collegiate liberal echo chamber† or as an outlet for their conservative agendas, I saw the class as an â€Å"entrance to the dark side.† My views on guns prior to the class were, I would call, polarized yet uninformed. In most of my discussions, I would cite the Australian 1996 National Firearms Agreement as precedent for ho w American politicians should approach the gun issueRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagessomebody who wants to inflict harm on other people to get his or her hands on a gun.† (Simple Minded Gun Control). Gun control is a controversial issue worldwide. The reason why this has attracted so much attention is because not everyone is in favor of gun control and each side brings up excellent points about the issue. Research related to this issue strongly supports the claim that there SHOULD be more gun control laws. Three arguments that prove this position are (1) Incidents like Sandy HookRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1489 Words   |  6 Pagessplit on the issue of gun control. We have seen many violent shootings and innocent people dying because of gun violence. Some Americans believe we need strict gun laws to protect our children and ourselves from these horrific tragedies. Other Americans believes it is our rights as Americans to posses’ g uns and we are entitled to that right in our constitution. There are also some Americans that are stuck in the middle and can see both sides but recent events have definitely caused this issue to be inRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1031 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrate them in a way that will trigger a new viewpoint on the subject. Gun control is something that should be enforced across the world in order to save lives. In the United States there is a ratio of 88.8 guns per one hundred persons (GunPolicy.org). Those numbers award us with the highest total per capita number in the world. With that amount of firepower there needs to be an efficient way to regulate who exactly can purchase a gun. Since 1791 when the second amendment was ratified there have beenRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesaway without preface or reason. All someone needs to do is pull the trigger. In today’s world, guns are far too accessible to the people of society. We hear in t he news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendmentRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control951 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has been a big topic for the past decade in the united states. These debates will rise and fall time in and time out after something horrific happens in the state. Anti-Gun supporters do not realize that it is extremely difficult to regulate something in the states that is a big portion of our economy.Would stricter gun laws change anything? So far statistically It has been proven otherwise one must consider how a citizen would defend themselves when they are faced with terror. How willRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control929 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control Getting arrested yesterday was not the highlight of my week. I was hungry; so I went to Wal-Mart get some charcoal, lighter fluid, and steak. I put the charcoal in the grill and the lighter fluid on the coals. I got a little lighter fluid on my arm, but I didn’t pay it much attention. I lit the match and threw it on the coals. I looked down and my sleeve was on fire. I was waving my arm in the air, trying to put it out. Then here they come the police pulled in and tackled me to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1552 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of gun is always controversial. Firearm can be used as defending or an assaulting weapon. In United States, firearm increase the rate of homicide, suicide and gun violence, which can harm and murder people. Moreover, taking away people’s gun will not work effectively because the murder and criminal will find another ways to get guns. Also, the black market will appear for the people who cannot get guns from regulated market s. In addition, if regulated guns are banned, murderers may useRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1678 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2014 The 2nd Amendment Over the past few years, the issue of gun control has been widely discussed. You surely have heard the phrase, â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† uttered and i wholeheartedly support this statement. It is important to treat guns responsibly so they do not end up in the wrong hands. I believe gun control violates our inalienable rights. Another piece of our liberty will surely be taken away if guns are banned, and socialism and totalitarianism will be rightRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words   |  5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to further

An Era of European Imperialism Free Essays

Unit 2: An Era of European Imperialism Imperialism has had its breadth in existence from a very long time ago, even before the Industrial Revolution. Industrialized countries pursed imperialism for many reasons. Imperialism is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, which is based on domination and subordination. We will write a custom essay sample on An Era of European Imperialism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although imperialism was in occurrence before the First and Second Revolution, it impacted the world in the time between these two revolutions. Europe was facing a new era of imperialism, and the First Industrial Revolution was only its way of beginning. The First Industrial Revolution was occurring from 1750 to 1850. This dramatically changed the economic and cultural conditions of the nation based on advances in agriculture, transportation, mining, and manufacturing. With the cottage industry’s advancement to a textile industry, there were mass productions of textile with the invention of the Spinning Jenny, and there were also migrations to urban centers. Coal was used as energy during this time. There was population growth throughout this period due to the vast productions, leading people to live longer. Moreover, the invention of the steam boat/ship, in the late 1700s improved travel drastically. The quicker and more reliable steam ships allowed Europe to exploit their colonies. They established colonies in Africa, India, China, the Ottoman Empire, Persia, and South America it was depended that they had a good resource in getting there. They were able to sell their manufactured products in the markets they had set up in these places. All these ideas/manufactures were contributions to not only the Second Industrial Revolution, but also on imperialism; which impacted the whole world. Furthermore, the Second Industrial Revolution occurred during the late 1800s to the early 1900s leading onto World War I. This revolution began with the movement of new inventions. Electricity, steel, petroleum, and chemicals were the main new advancements. Electricity replaced coal for energy, and was more efficient. Steel was the new iron, because it was much more durable and lighter, it was even better on the economy. Other inventions like the light bulb, radio waves, telephones, and the internal combustion engine rapidly spread throughout the world, leading to profit. Trade labor unions arose, as well as women and labor reforms. All these things were impacts on imperialism throughout the world. Warfare was also an impact on the Industrial Revolution. Technological advancements in warfare made conquering undeveloped countries very easy. This made their power and influence stronger. On the other side of the world, we had countries like China and Japan, which was kept, isolated from the world. These places did not want to adapt western influences because it would drive them from their cultural ways. In China, they were undergoing what was known as the Boxer Rebellion, which allowed the killing of outsiders who were bringing other influences to China. There was also the Opium War happening in Japan, which allowed the country to industrialize itself a bit. Because of industrialization, China and Japan were able to grow in ways they would have never achieved if they had never adapted western influences. Although imperialism was in occurrence before the First and Second Revolution, it impacted the world in the time between these two revolutions. Capitalism was a key concept that was used to make profit off of laborers that lived in industrialized areas. Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Basically, this is an economical system based on all greed in money and power. Capitalism controlled the environment in the First and Second Industrial Revolution. The countries and companies that supported capitalism were eventually going to lead laborers to seek new opportunities and resources of growth. This would lead people to seek and explore new places. Exploration would cause taking advantage of other people, hence, imperialism. The times of the revolutions would lead to imperialism throughout the world because the industries were being operated by capitalism. How to cite An Era of European Imperialism, Essay examples

Spudspy case free essay sample

Why are Henderson and Huang so upset? Should they be? Anderson and Huang were upset because Thad Simcoe and Avi Rothman intentionally wanted to claim the technology as the inventors. In their meeting with Catherine Huang they did not tell her that they were working on a business plan to bring the remote soil pH sensing approach to commercialization. In their discussion with Catherines colleagues they posed as the invertors. They even went as far as talking to their attorney friend about carving out a specific application of SpudSpy rom the original patent belonging to Catherine and Anderson. This goes to tell that either, Thad and his partner didnt know how unethical their intentions were or they were blinded by over ambition. Yes Anderson and Catherine should be upset because this is a technology that they put in time and effort to invent, and someone else is trying to come in and sideline them. We will write a custom essay sample on Spudspy case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Can this project be salvaged? I believe major damage has not been done, the students almost crossed the line but fortunately for them they were brought to caution. The project can be salvaged if Anderson and Catherine agree to work with the students and see how to commercialize the technology. The students, fortunately, have passion for the idea, so they have the charisma and spirit to make it happen. Because lets face the facts Catherine has not been able to move forward with this idea, she needs a team. I believe she would make a great team with Thad and Avi. 3. What is your assessment of Cohens role so far? What would you recommend to Cohen for his next steps? What are his options? Cohen is doing a great Job with his entrepreneurial class. His method of teaching the class is motivating. The students strive to produce a business plan that would actually convince a venture capitalist to part with his money. It not only exposes the students but also opens doors of opportunities for them. In regards to the situation, Cohen should arrange a meet between Anderson, Catherine, Thad and Avi. Try and settle the case amicably, convince Catherine and Anderson to work with the Students, pointing out the fact that the project has generated broad interest and possibility of ew funding for the engineering school if it turns out to be a success. To avoid this sort of thing happening again, first all business school students should read about this case and the follow up. During these kinds of projects students should check with their instructor before and after any correspondence they have with the inventors, parties of interest and other stakeholders. This way the instructor would know if and when they doing anything that is unethical or against regulations and pull them back.

How to Build a Non-Profit Website (Its Cheaper Than You Might Think)

Nonprofits succeed or fail on the strength of their ability to communicate their message and build an audience. Creating a non-profit website plays a key role in helping your organization achieve both of those goals.Building a website is a great way to get the word out about your nonprofit. You can use it to share information and updates, make a persuasive argument, and convince people to get involved. And with the right approach, it will cost a lot less than you might think.If you’re new to the idea of running your own site, don’t worry. In this guide we’ll share everything you need to know to get your non-profit website off the ground. Let’s jump right in! The way you set up and run your non-profit website will obviously be unique, based on your niche, goals, and resources. However, as you begin to plan out your site, there are a few things you’ll definitely want to include.A strong non-profit website should have (at a minimum):A mission statement , telling visitors what you’re all about.Plenty of details on what you do and why it matters.A blog or news section, to keep people apprised of the most recent updates and successes.Contact information, so interested parties can get in touch.Headshots and bios for your organizations key members, staff, or partners.Compelling imagery, incorporated throughout your site.A way to accept donations, if you solicit donations from the public.A Call To Action (CTA) prompting visitors to sign up for an email list, volunteer, donate, or do whatever matters most to your organization.This may seem like a lot, but putting together a site encompassing all of these elements isnt difficult. All you need are the right set of tools, along with a little time and patience.How to build a non-profit website (in 6 easy steps)As a non-profit organization, you likely don’t have a lot of time and money to spare. All the same, you want a website that’s attractive, functional, and easy to u se. The following six steps will take you through the process of creating this type of site quickly and cheaply.1. Choose a platform for your non-profit websiteThe first thing you need to do is select a platform to build your website with. There are many choices, but they largely fall into three camps. You can develop a website from scratch, sign up for a website builder, or use a Content Management System (CMS).Unless you happen to have some talented developers already on board, creating a site from nothing is usually costly and time-intensive. Website builders, on the other hand, and cheap and simple to use. However, they don’t offer much flexibility, nor do they give you much control over your site.A CMS is the perfect middle ground. This type of platform is typically open-source, which means you can download the software and use it to build your non-profit website for free. What’s more, a quality CMS will provide an easy-to-use interface that lets you customize you r site without any technical know-how.For a non-profit site, we’d highly recommend WordPress:This CMS is beginner-friendly and has a large community willing to help whenever you run into difficulties. Most importantly for your non-profit website, it’s free and won’t require you to hire a developer.2. Purchase a hosting plan and domain nameWordPress may be free to use, but building your non-profit website involves a few small costs. You’ll need to register a domain name and select a hosting plan.The domain name is your site’s primary URL (i.e., mynonprofitsite.org). When deciding on a domain name, youre best off naming the site after your organization, or using a short, catchy phrase that summarizes your mission, as in saveourlibraries.org.You’ll also need to choose a Top Level Domain (TLD), such as  .com or .net. We’d highly recommend using .org, as people are still more likely to trust non-profit organizations using this TLD. If yo ur budget allows, however, you may also want to purchase the .com version of your domain name and redirect it to your site.In order to get your site online, you’ll also need to sign up for a hosting plan, which is the engine that powers your site and makes it available to other people Bluehost is a good option when youre just getting started. Another benefit of Bluehost is that it gives you a free domain name, which you can choose during the signup process.Bluehost will also help install WordPress for you, which means that you can get started customizing your website right away.3. Pick out a theme to style your siteBy this point, you should have a basic WordPress site up and running. Now, youll want to give it a design that showcases your non-profits mission. Fortunately, this is a task you can fast track by choosing the right WordPress theme.In a nutshell, your sites theme  controls how your site looks and is visually structured. This means that even if you’re not a designer, you can select the style and appearance you want.What’s more, there are a lot of themes designed specifically for non-profit sites. This means the style, layout, and elements are customized to match the needs of organizations like yours. Some even come with multiple templates or demo pages, each designed to match a particular type of non-profit organization.You can choose from many free options in the WordPress Theme Directory, merely by searching for themes with the keyword â€Å"non profit† (or â€Å"nonprofit†):If you have the budget, you may also want to check out some premium non-profit themes  as theyre often a little more flexible. General business themes often work well, too.4. Build your site’s basic pagesOnce you’ve installed your chosen theme, you’ll want to take some time to customize it. This means adding your own imagery and branding, as well as tweaking the style and design to fit your organization. How you do th is will vary by theme, but the best place to start is by visiting the WordPress Customizer via your sites dashboard:Next, youll want to create the basic pages that will make up your website. Building a page in WordPress is straightforward, and your theme will probably give you plenty of demo content to work with. At a minimum, you’ll want to include the following pages:A home page that lets visitors know what your organization is all about (preferably with a strong mission statement and lots of visuals).An easy-to-find contact page, with multiple ways to get in touch.One or more pages providing information about what your organization does and why it matters.An archive page to host your blog or news updates.A page featuring your organization’s key members or partners, with headshots and bios if possible.Of course, don’t forget to add in that vital CTA. This could be a donate button, a newsletter sign-up form, or a volunteer application. Just make sure it’ s prominently placed and stands out from the rest of your site.If you want a little bit more flexibility over how your pages look, a WordPress page builder plugin will let you design your pages using a visual, drag-and-drop editor.5. Consider a donation pluginWe mentioned that word plugin above. Whereas themes change how your site looks, plugins help you add functionality to your site.You can find plugins for all sorts of things, but one of the most helpful for a non-profit site is a donation plugin. These plugins will help you accept donations and run fundraising campaigns. Beyond that, they will also help you manage donors, including an easy-to-access database, as well as the ability to generate the tax forms donors need.One of the most popular donation plugins is the GiveWP plugin: GiveWP Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform Author(s): GiveWPCurrent Version: 2.5.9Last Updated: October 15, 2019give.2.5.9.zip 96%Ratings 1,315,902Downloads WP 4.8+Requires If youd like t o learn more, we have an entire post on how to accept donations on WordPress.6. Optimize your site for search enginesLast but not least, youll need to consider how people will find your non-profit website. Primarily,  this will happen through search engines, which means carrying out some  Search Engine Optimization (SEO).This is essentially a collection of techniques to help your site rank highly in search engines. What’s worth noting is that for a non-profit website (particularly for a smaller, locally-based operation), ‘local SEO’ will likely play a significant role. This involves optimizing your site to show up in searches by people who are physically nearby.To get started with optimizing your site, we’d recommend first installing the free Yoast SEO plugin on your site, and learning how to use it: Yoast SEO Author(s): Team YoastCurrent Version: 12.3Last Updated: October 15, 2019wordpress-seo.12.3.zip 98%Ratings 200,063,756Downloads WP 4.9+Re quires This simple, yet powerful tool will help you cover the basics of solid SEO. In addition, its developers also offer a comprehensive series of articles on local SEO, with plenty of practical advice.While SEO can be a complicated subject, you dont need to be a master to benefit from it, and even learning just the basics will pay big dividends for your organization.ConclusionFor many nonprofits, success depends largely on their ability to attract attention and build a following online. Your non-profit website will play a key role in that process, serving to both inform your audience and encourage them to take action.Putting together a non-profit website that’s both stylish and functional is surprisingly easy. You’ll just need to:Choose a platform for your non-profit website.Purchase a hosting plan and domain name.Pick out a theme to style your site.Build your site’s basic pages.Consider whether you need a donation plugin.Optimize your site for search engines. Do you have any questions about how to build your non-profit website? Ask away in the comments section below! * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.

Are You a Genuine Author

Are You a Genuine Author Sure you are. Writing is in your blood. You adore telling stories, and if you could, youd do nothing but write for a living . . . forever and ever. But do your readers know that? The majority of writers struggle to make that connection between themselves and readers. They assume their book speaks for them. But there are a gadzillion books out there, and until a reader loves the book and decides to know more about the author, that connection isnt made. Let me say it another way . . . do readers like you? Do they feel they are getting to know you? Are you reachable? Are you personable? How do readers know? They dont have to be groupie-in-love with you, but are they curious? Do they like what you represent? Sometimes its simply do they like your smile? Your love of cars, your love of travel. The fact you bake quiche, paint chicken pictures, or garden spaghetti squash. How can they relate to you? After all, you wouldnt put yourself out there if you didnt want to be friends, right? Your job as an author is not only to write a good book and market it well, but you have to make readers enjoy the fact you are there for them. And to do that is to act like you appreciate them. You dont have time for all of that? Then how do you expect readers to have time to read your work? The connection is more about relationships than  you may think. Some ideas to show your care: 1) Make every single blurb you sign in your book different, and relatable. 2) Answer all emails from readers timely. 3) Wish people happy birthday on Facebook . . . and say more than just Happy Birthday. 4) Give advice when asked. You dont have to write a thousand words. Just the fact you gave back matters. 5) Give back. Review other books often. Not only will the author appreciate it, but others who read the reviews will recognize your name, your sincerity, and your respect for reviews. 6) Appear at someone elses reading, speaking engagement, class, presentation. 7) Recommend others. 8) Congratulate others. 9) Welcome others. 10) Thank others. It isnt about your book. It isnt just about you. Its about making readers and other authors (who are your readers, too) feel good that they are in your world. It isnt hard once you think about it.

Muted Group Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Muted Group Theory - Research Paper Example Thus, the female circle is neither invisible nor acknowledged-eventually, only a small part or rather, reflections of it are exposed.   Consequently, women’s experiences are felt only as â€Å"black holes† or reminiscences of society. Women’s on perspectives are restricted by this enforced tunnel vision, and their voices are not publicly articulated. Women, then, are   left with two choices.   They can attempt to translate their point of view into a masculine mode or try to detach alternate modes of communication. Both options are problematic. For one, the translation process can give rise to communication difficulties and an ensuing lack of communication satisfaction.   There are also structural barriers to the development of alternate communication modes, as men, whether conscious or not, will perpetuate their power by preventing other voices from being heard and acknowledged.   As a result, women’s voices are muted.   Working as a business a nalyst and meeting with business people who are usually male had been a challenging experience for me. Finding the right words , being articulate enough to sound straightforward like a man is just not of the female character that it posed a real challenge for someone working in a male dominated profession. There have been times I felt that my opinions were just solicited with my male colleagues just acting civilly in my presence, but not really listening and understanding what I was telling. I had to understand.... Working as a business analyst and meeting with business people who are usually male had been a challenging experience for me. Finding the right words , being articulate enough to sound straightforward like a man is just not of the female character that it posed a real challenge for someone working in a male dominated profession. There have been times I felt that my opinions were just solicited with my male colleagues just acting civilly in my presence, but not really listening and understanding what I was telling. I had to understand at those times that there are differences in the understanding and interpretations of men and women of the spoken words. That women usually tend to consider not only the literal meaning of what is said but also interpret meanings beneath it. Also, being with men made me somehow ‘lose’ my feminine identity because i had to act and sound like them for me to be accepted as a part of ‘their’ group. Note, however, that muting is not the same as silencing and that muting is only successful only when the non-dominant group (in this case, women) ceases to find and develop alternative communication styles to express their experiences and code their messages. When this happens, only traces are left of the original, a kind of palimpsest. Feminist communication scholars have documented the ways in which â€Å"masculine† language both inhibits and infects women’s forms of expression and how women are forced to double-code their messages through different rhetorical means. According to the muted group theory, women face a dilemma arising from the fact that their experiences and means of communication are restricted by their marginalization in society and their relative isolation within the private sphere-deemed not only irrelevant

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Nursing - Essay Example From this perspective, client care for the modern nurse would differ from that of the pledge in three ways: the patient would be placed in a more cultural context, this context would be assimilated with intervention measures, and client planning would also be aligned with not only their medical needs, but also their spiritual and cultural needs. Therefore the basic assumption of the current report is that client centered care is a core concept that is held up and supported by both Nightingale’s pledge and modern nursing needs, despite there being some differences in interpretation regarding some of the cultural undertones of the pledge specifically. Just as it can be considered in Nightingale’s methods and theories, in a more modern definition of nursing, nurses must consider â€Å"meanings and interpretations given to (clients) in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical and/or cultural settings† (Leininger, 2009). In terms of assessment, in the modern da y, interrelationships of culture and heritage are taken into greater account, so this shows an intense focus and concentration on the clients and their needs. One benefit of belonging to a professional nursing organization is that the group is more powerful than the individual. If a nurse has concerns, s/he can voice them to a receptive group who will be more powerful. From this perspective, membership has the advantage of bringing the nurse closer in communication and advocacy, with those who may share similar goals. At the same time, the nurse is empowered by being a part of something greater than them. Another benefit of the nursing organization is that nurses can receive guidance and support in terms of education from the organization, regarding how to best meet client needs. In this regard, the patient or client would be placed in a holistic context, and this context would be individualized in terms of the client’s own needs rather

Load Balancing as an Optimization Problem: GSO Solution

Load Balancing as an Optimization Problem: GSO Solution METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION In this chapter, we presented a novel methodology which considers load balancing as an optimization problem. A stochastic approach, Glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) is employed to solve the above mentioned optimization problem. In the proposed method, excellent features of various existing load balancing algorithms as discussed chapter 2 are also integrated. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY There are numerous cloud computing categories. This work mainly focuses on a public cloud. A public cloud is based on the typical cloud computing model, and its services provided by service provider [42]. A public cloud will comprises of several nodes and the nodes are in different physical locations. Cloud is partitioned to manage this large cloud. A cloud consists of several cloud partition with each partition having its own load balancer and there is a main controller which manage all these partition. 3.2.1 Job Assignment Strategy Algorithm for assigning the jobs to cloud partition as shown in Fig. 2 Step 1: jobs arrive at the main controller Step 2: choosing the cloud partition Step 3: if cloud partition state is idle or normal state then Step 4: jobs arrive at the cloud partition balancer. Step 5: assigning the jobs to particular nodes based on the strategy. Figure 3.1: Flowchart of Proposed Job Assignment Strategy. Load Balancing Strategy In cloud, Load Balancing is a technique to allocate workload over one or more servers, network boundary, hard drives, or other total resources. Representative datacenter implementations depends on massive, significant computing hardware and network communications, which are subject to the common risks linked with any physical device, including hardware failure, power interruptions and resource limits in case of high demand. High-quality of load balance will increase the performance of the entire cloud.Though, there is no general procedure that can work in all possible different conditions. There are several method have been employed to solve existing problem. Each specific method has its merit in a specific area but not in all circumstances. Hence, proposed model combines various methods and interchanges between appropriate load balance methods as per system status. Here, the idle status uses an Fuzzy Logic while the normal status uses a global swarm optimization based load balancing strategy. Load Balancing using Fuzzy Logic When the status of cloud partition is idle, several computing resources are free and comparatively few jobs are receiving. In these circumstances, this cloud partition has the capability to process jobs as fast as possible so an effortless load balancing method can be used. Zadeh [12] proposed a fuzzy set theory in which the set boundaries were not precisely defined, but in fact boundaries were gradational. Such a set is characterized by continuum of grades of membership function which allocates to each object a membership grade ranging from zero to one [12]. A new load balancing algorithm based on Fuzzy Logic in Virtualized environment of cloud computing is implemented to achieve better processing and response time. The load balancing algorithm is implemented before it outstretch the processing servers the job is programmed based on various input parameters like assigned load of Virtual Machine (VM) and processor speed. It contains the information in each Virtual machine (VM) and numbers of request currently assigned to VM of the system. Therefore, It recognize the least loaded machine, when a user request come to process its job then it identified the first least loaded machine and process user request but in case of more than one least loaded machine available, In that case, we tried to implement the new Fuzzy logic based load balancing technique, where the fuzzy logic is very natural like human language by which we can formulate the load balancing problem. The fuzzification process is carried out by fuzzifier that transforms two types of input data like assigned load and processor speed of Virtual Machine (VM) and one output as balanced load which are required in the inference system shown in figure 3.2, figure 3.3 and figure 3.4 respectively. By evaluating the load and processor speed in virtual machine in our proposed work like two input parameters to produce the better value to equalize the load in cloud environment, fuzzy logic is used. These parameters are taken for inputs to the fuzzifier, which are needed to estimate the balanced load as output as shown in figure 3.4. Figure 3.2: Membership input function of Processor Speed Figure 3.3: Membership input function of Assigned Load Figure 3.3: Membership output function of Balanced Load To affiliate the outputs of the inferential rules [13] , low-high inference method is employed. A number of IF-THEN rules are determined by making use of the rule-based fuzzy logic to get the output response with given input conditions, here the rule is comprised from a set of semantic control rules and the supporting control objectives in the system. If (processor_speed is low) and (assigned_load is least) then (balanced_load is medium) If (processor_speed is low) and (assigned_load is medium) then (balanced_load is low) If (processor_speed is low) and (assigned_load is high) then (balanced_load is low) If (processor_speed is Medium) and (assigned_load is least) then (balanced_load is high) If (processor_speed is Medium) and (assigned_load is medium) then (balanced_load is medium) If (processor_speed is Medium) and (assigned_load is high) then (balanced_load is low) If (processor_speed is high) and (assigned_load is least) then (balanced_load is high) If (processor_speed is high) and (assigned_load is medium) then (balanced_load is medium) If (processor_speed is high) and (assigned_load is high) then (balanced_load is medium) If (processor_speed is very_high) and (assigned_load is least) then (balanced_load is high) If (processor_speed is very_high) and (assigned_load is medium) then (balanced_load is high) If (processor_speed is very_high) and (assigned_load is high) then (balanced_load is medium) As shown above, there are 12 potential logical output response conclusions in our proposed work. The Defuzzification is the method of changing fuzzy output set into a single value and the smallest of minimum (SOM) procedure is employed for the defuzzification. The total sum of a fuzzy set comprises a range of output values that are defuzzified in order to decode a single output value. Defuzzifier embraces the accumulated semantic values from the latent fuzzy control action and produces a non-fuzzy control output, which enacts the balanced load associated to load conditions. The defuzzification process is used to evaluate the membership function for the accumulated output. The algorithm-1 is defined to manage the load in Virtual machine of cloud computing as follows: Begin Request_to_resource() L1 If (resource free) Begin Estimate connection_string() Select fuzzy_rulebase() Return resource End Else Begin If (Anymore resource found) Select_next_resource() Go to L1 Else Exit End End The proposed algorithm starts with request a connection to resource. It tests for availability of resource. It Calculate the connection strength if the resource found. Then select the connection, which is used to access the resource as per processor speed and load in virtual machine using fuzzy logic. Load Balancing using GSO (Glowworm Swarm Optimization) When the status of cloud partition is normal, tasks arrives with faster rate compare to idle state and the condition becomes more complex, thus a novel strategy is deployed for load balancing. Each user desired his job in the shortest time; as a result the public cloud requires a strategy that can finish the job of all users with adequate response. In this optimization algorithm, each glowworm i is distributed in the objective function definition space [14]. These glowworms transfer own luciferin values and have the respective scope called local-decision range . As the glow searches in the local-decision range for the neighbor set, in the neighbor set, glow attracted to the neighbor with brightest glow. That is glow selects neighbor whose luciferin value greater than its own, and the flight direction will change each time different will change with change in selected neighbor. Each glowworm encodes the object function value at its current location into luciferin value and advertises the same within its neighborhood. The neighbor’s set of glowworm comprises of those glowworms that have comparatively a higher luciferin value and that are situated within a dynamic decision range and their movements are updated by equation (8) at each iteration. Local-decision range update: (8) and is the glowworm local-decision range at the iteration, is the sensor range, is the neighbourhood threshold, the parameter generates the rate of change of the neighborhood range. Local-decision range consist of the following number of glow: (9) and, is the glowworm position at the t iteration, is the glowworm luciferin at the iteration.; the set of neighbours of glowworm comprises of those glowworms that have a comparatively higher luciferin value and that are situated within a dynamic decision range whose range is defined above by a circular sensor range Each glowworm as given in equation (10), i elects a neighbor j with a probability and process toward it as: Probability distribution used to select a neighbor: (10) Movement update: (11) Luciferin-update: (12) and is a luciferin value of glowworm at each iteration, leads to the reflection of the accumulative goodness of the path . This path is followed by the glowworms in their ongoing luciferin values, the parameter only ascends the function fitness values, is the value of test function. In this optimization algorithm, each glowworm is distributed in the objective function definition space [43]. These glowworms transfer own luciferin values and have the respective scope called local-decision range . As the glow searches in the local-decision range for the neighbor set, in the neighbor set, glow attracted to the neighbor with brightest glow. That is glow selects neighbor whose luciferin value greater than its own, and the flight direction will change each time different will change with change in selected neighbor. Figure 3.4 shows the flowchart of GSO algorithm. In the context of load balancing for cloud computing GSO algorithm check the status of the server simultaneously if it is free. For example a user wants to download a file size of 50 MB. It checks by iteration if user gets entered in server, it gets the message as achieve target. Figure 3.4: Flowchart of GSO Analysis of the Accrual Anomaly | Accounting Dissertation Analysis of the Accrual Anomaly | Accounting Dissertation Sloan (1996), in a determinative paper, added the accrual anomaly in the list of the market imperfections. Since then, academics have focused on the empirical investigation of the anomaly and the connection it has with other misspricing phenomena. The accrual anomaly is still at an embryonic stage and further research is needed to confirm the profitability of an accruals based strategy net of transaction costs. The current study investigates the accrual anomaly while taking into consideration a UK sample from 1991 to 2008. In addition, the predictive power of the Fama and French (1996) factors HML and SMB is being tested along with the industrial production growth, the dividend yield and the term structure of the interest rates. Chapter 1 Introduction Since the introduction of the random walk theory which formed the basis for the evolvement of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH hereafter) proposed by Fama (1965), the financial literature has made many advances but a piece of the puzzle that is still missing is whether the EMH holds. Undoubtedly, the aforementioned debate can be considered as one of the most fruitful and fast progressing financial debates of the last two decades. The Efficient Market Hypothesis has met many challenges regardless of which of its three forms are being investigated. However, the weak form and semi strong hypothesis have been the most controversial. A literally vast collection of academic papers discuss, explore and argue for phenomena that seem to reject that the financial markets are efficient. The famous label of â€Å"anomaly† has taken several forms. Many well-known anomalies such as the contrarian investment, the post announcement drift, the accruals anomaly and many others are just the beginning of an endless trip. There is absolutely no doubt that many more are going to be introduced and evidence for the ability for the investors to earn abnormal returns will be documented. Recently, academics try to expand their investigation on whether these well-documented anomalies are actually profitable due to several limitations (transaction costs etc) and whether the anomalies are connected. Many papers are exploring the connection of the anomalies with each other proposing the existence of a â€Å"principal† misspricing that is documented into several forms. The current study tries to look into the anomaly that was initially documented by Sloan (1996) and has been labelled as the â€Å"accrual anomaly†. The accrual anomaly can be characterised as being at an embryonic stage if the basis for comparison is the amount of publications and the dimensions of the anomaly that light has been shed on. The facts for the accrual anomaly suggest the existence of the opportunity for investors to earn abnormal returns by taking advantage of simple publicly available information. On the other hand, accruals comprising an accounting figure have been approached from different points of view with consequences visible in the results of the academic papers. Furthermore, Stark et al (2009) challenge the actual profitability of the accrual anomaly by simply taking transaction costs into consideration. The present paper employs an accrual strategy for a sample comprising of UK firms during 1991-2008. The aim is to empirically investigate the profitability of such strategies during the whole data sample. The methodology for the calculation of accruals is largely based on the paper of Hardouvelis et al (2009). Stark et al (2009) propose that the positive excess returns of the accruals’ strategy are based on the profitability of small stock. In order to investigate the aforementioned claim, the current study employs an additional strategy by constructing intersecting portfolios based on accruals and size. Finally, five variables are being investigating at the second part of the study for their predictive power on the excess returns of the constructed portfolios. The monumental paper of Fama and French (1996) documented an impressive performance of two constructed variables (the returns of portfolios named HML and SMB). In addition, the dividend yield of the FTSE all share index, the industrial production growth and the term structure of the interest rates will be investigated as they are considered as potential candidates for the prediction of stock returns. Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1. Introduction During the last century the financial world has offered many substantial advances. From the Portfolio Theory of Markowitz (1952) to the development of the Capital Asset Pricing Model of Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965), and from the market Efficient Market Hypothesis (hereafter EMH), developed by Fama (1965), to the recent literature that challenges both the CAPM and the EMH, they all seem to be a chain reaction.   The financial academic world aims to give difficult but important answers on whether markets are efficient and on how investors should allocate their funds. During the last two decades, many researchers have documented that there exist strategies that challenge the claim of the supporters of the efficient and complete markets. In this chapter, the effort will be focused on reviewing the financial literature from the birth of the idea of the EMH until the recent publications that confirm, reject or challenge it. In a determinative paper, Fama (1970) defined efficient markets and categorised them according to the type of information used by investors. Since then, the finance literature has offered a plethora of studies that aim to test or prove whether markets are indeed efficient or not. Well known anomalies such as the post announcement drift, the value-growth anomaly or the accruals anomaly have been the theme of many articles ever since. 2.2. Review of the value-growth anomaly We consider as helpful to review the literature for the value growth-anomaly since it was one of the first anomalies to be investigated in such an extent. In addition, the research for the value-growth anomaly has yielded a largely productive debate on whether the documented returns are due to higher risk or other source of mispricing. Basu (1970) concluded that stocks with high Earnings to Price ratio tend to outperform stocks with low E/P. Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1994) documented that stocks that appear to have low price to a fundamental (book value, earnings, dividends etc) can outperform stocks with high price to a fundamental measure of value. Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1994) initiated a productive period that aimed to settle the dispute on the EMH and investigate the causes of such â€Å"anomalies†. Thus, the aforementioned researchers sparked the debate not only on the market efficiency hypothesis but also on what are the sources for these phenomena. Fama and French (1992) supported the idea that certain stocks outperform their counterparts due to the larger risk that the investors bear. Lakonishok, Shleifer and Vishny (1994) supported the idea that investors fail to correctly react to information that is available to them. The same idea was supported by many researchers such as Piotroski (2001). The latter also constructed a score in order to categorise stocks with high B/M that can yield positive abnormal returns (namely, the F Score). Additionally, the â€Å"market efficiency debate â€Å"drove behavioural finance to rise in popularity. The value-growth phenomenon has yielded many articles that aim to find evidence that a profitable strategy is feasible or trace the sources of these profits but, at the same time, the main approach adopted in each study varies significantly. Asness (1997) and Daniel and Titman (1999) examine the price momentum, while Lakonishok, Sougiannis and Chan (2001) examine the impact of the value of intangible assets on security returns. In addition, researchers have found evidence that the value-growth strategies tend to be successful worldwide, as their results suggest. To name a few, Chan, Hamao and Lakonishok (1991) focused on the Japanese market, Put and Veld (1995) based their research on France, Germany and the Netherlands and Gregory, Harris and Michou (2001) examined the UK stock market. It is worth mentioning that solely the evidence of such profitable strategies could be sufficient to draw the attention of practitioners, but academics are additionally interested in exploring the main cause of these arising opportunities as well as the relationship between the aforementioned phenomena (namely, the value growth, post announcement drift and the accrual anomaly). In general, two schools of thought have been developed: the one that supports the risk based explanation or, in other words, that stocks yield higher returns simply because they are riskier, and the one that supports that investors fail to recognise the correct signs included in the available information. 2.3. The accruals anomaly 2.3.1. Introduction of the accrual anomaly. Sloan (1996) documented that firms with high (low) accruals tend to earn negative (positive) returns in the following year. Based on this strategy, a profitable portfolio that has a long position on stocks with low accruals and short position on stocks with high accruals yields approximately 10% abnormal returns. According to Sloan (1996) investors tend to overreact to information on current earnings. Sloan’s (1996) seminar paper has been characterised as a productive work that initiated an interesting to follow debate during the last decade. It is worth noting that even the very recent literature on the accrual anomaly has not reached reconciling conclusion about the main causes of this particular phenomenon and about whether a trading strategy (net of transaction costs) based solely on the mispricing of accruals can be systematically profitable. At this point it is worth mentioning that the accruals have been found to be statistically significant and negative to predict future stock returns. On the other hand, there are papers that examine the accruals and its relations with the aggregate market. A simple example is the paper published by Hirshleifer, Hou and Teoh (2007), who aim to identify the relation of the accruals, if any, with the aggregate stock market. Their findings support that while the operating accruals have been found to be a statistical significant and a negative predictor of the stock returns, the relation with the market portfolio is strong and positive. They support that the sign of the accruals coefficient varies from industry to industry reaching a peek when the High Tech industry is taken into account (1.15), and taking a negative value for the Communication and Beer/Liquor industry. 2.3.2 Evidence for the international presence of the phenomenon. Researchers that investigated the accruals anomaly followed different approaches. At this point, it is worth noting that the evidence shows the accrual anomaly (although it was first found to be present in the US market) to exist worldwide. Leippold and Lohre (2008) examine the accrual anomaly within an international framework. The researchers document that the accrual anomaly is a fact for a plethora of markets. The contribution of the paper though, is the large and â€Å"complete† number of tests used, so that the possibility of pure randomness would be eliminated. Although, similar tests showed that momentum strategies can be profitable, recent methodologies used by the researchers and proposed by Romano and Wolf (2005) and Romano, Shaikh and Wolf (2008), suggest that the accruals anomaly can be partially â€Å"random†. It is noteworthy that the additional tests make the â€Å"anomaly† to fade out for almost all the samples apart from the markets of US, Australia and Denmark. Kaserer and Klingler (2008) examine how the over-reaction of the accrual information is connected with the accounting standards applied. The researchers constructed their sample by solely German firms and their findings document that the anomaly is present in Germany too. We should mention at this point that, interestingly, prior to 2000, that is prior to the adoption of the international accounting standards by Germany, the evidence did not support the existence of the accrual anomaly. However, during 2000-2002, Kaserer and Klingler (2008) found that the market overreacted to accrual information. Hence, the authors support the idea that an additional cause of the anomaly is the lack of legal mechanisms to enforce the preparation of the financial statements according to the international accounting standards which might gave the opportunity to the firms to â€Å"manipulate† their earnings. Another paper that focuses on the worldwide presence of the accruals mispricing is that of Rajgopal and Venkatachalam (2007). Rajgopal and Venkatachalam examined a total of 19 markets and found that the particular market anomaly exists in Australia, UK, Canada and the US. The authors’ primal goal was to identify the key drivers that can distinguish the markets where the anomaly was documented. Their evidence supports the idea that an accrual strategy is favoured in countries where there is a common law tradition, an extensive accrual accounting and a low concentration of firms’ ownership combined with weak shareholders’ rights. LaFond (2005) also considers the existence of the phenomenon within a global framework. The author’s findings support the notion that the accrual anomaly is present worldwide. In addition, LaFond argues that there is not a unique driving factor responsible for the phenomenon across the markets. It is worth noting that LaFond (2005) documented that this particular market imperfection is present in markets with diverse methodology of accrual accounting. Findings are against the idea that the accrual anomaly has any relation with the level of the shareholders protection or a common law tradition, as suggested by Rajgopal and Venkatachalam (2007). Finally, the author suggests that, if any, it is not the different method of accrual accounting (measurement issues) that favours or eliminates the accrual anomaly, but the accrual accounting itself. 2.3.3. Further Evidence for the roots of the accruals anomaly. Additionally, papers such as those of Thomas and Zang (2002) or Hribar (2000) decompose accruals into changes in different items (such as inventory, accounts payable etc). The findings catholically suggest that extreme changes in inventory affect returns the most. On the other hand, many articles connect the accruals with information used by investors, such as the behaviour of insiders or analysts, as the latter can be considered a major signal to the investors for a potential manipulation of the firms’ figures. In particular, Beneish and Vargus (2002) documented that firms with high accruals and significant insider selling have substantial negative returns.  Bradshaw (2001) and Barth and Hutton (2001) examine the analysts’ reports and their relation with the accruals anomaly. Their findings support that the analysts’ forecasting error tends to be larger for firms with high accruals, while analysts do not revise their forecasts when new information for accruals is available. Gu and Jain (2006) decompose accruals into changes in inventory, changes in accounts receivable and payable and depreciation expenses and try to identify the impact of the individual components to the anomaly. Consistent with Sloan (1996), Gu and Jain (2006) document that the accrual anomaly exists at the components level. The findings are important since Desai et al (2004) supported the connection of the accrual anomaly with a single variable (cash flows from operations). The researchers suggest that the results yielded by Desai et al (2004) were highly dependent on the methodology used and thus, suggested that the accruals anomaly is â€Å"alive and well†. Moreover, other articles try to confirm whether the anomaly is mainly caused by the wrong interpretation of the information contained in accruals. Ali et al. (2000), investigate whether the naà ¯ve investors’ hypothesis holds. Following the methodology introduced by Hand (1990) and Walther (1997), they found that for smaller firms, which are more likely to be followed by sophisticated investors, the relation between accruals and negative future returns is weaker compared to larger firms, which are followed by many analysts. Therefore, the researchers suggest that, if anything, the naà ¯ve investors’ hypothesis does not hold. In contrast to other market anomalies where findings suggest that the naà ¯ve investors hypothesis holds, the accruals anomaly is suggested as unique. Shi and Zhang (2007) investigate the earnings fixation hypothesis suggesting that the accruals anomaly is based on the investors â€Å"fixation† or â€Å"obsession† on earnings. Their primal hypothesis is that if investors are highly based on the reports about earnings and misprice the value-relevant earnings, then the returns should be dependent not only on the accruals but also on how the stock’s price changes according to reported earnings.  The researchers’ hypothesis is confirmed and finding support that an accrual strategy for firms whose stocks’ price highly fluctuates according to earnings yields a 37% annual return. Sawicki and Shrestha (2009) aim to examine two possible explanations for the accruals anomaly. Sloan (1996) proposed the fixation theory under which investors fixate on earnings and thus overvalue or undervalue information for accruals. Kothari et al. (2006) proposed the â€Å"agency theory of overvalued equity† according to which managers of overvalued firms try to prolong the period of this overvaluation which causes accruals to increase.  The paper uses the insider trading and other firm characteristics and tries to compare and contrast the two major explanations. Evidence produces bd Sawicki and Shrestha (2009) support the Kothari et al. (2006) explanation for the accrual anomaly. In a relatively different in motif paper, Wu and Zhang (2008) examine the role that the discount rates play in the accrual anomaly. They argue that if anything, the anomaly is not caused by irrationality from the investors’side but by the rationality of firms as it is proposed by the q-theory of investment. They argue that since the discount rates fall and more projects become profitable (which makes accruals to increase) future stock returns should decline. In other words, if the capital investment correctly adjusts to the current discount rates, the accruals should be negatively correlated with the future returns and positively correlated with the current returns. The evidence of Wu and Zhang (2008) support that the accruals are negatively correlated with the future stock returns but the contribution of the paper is in that they document that current stock returns are positively correlated with the accruals. 2.3.4. The relation of the accrual anomaly with other market imperfections. Many papers examine the relation between the accruals anomaly and other well-known anomalies such as the post announcement drift or the value-growth phenomenon. Desai et al. (2002), suggest that the â€Å"value-growth† anomaly and the accruals anomaly basically interact and conclude that the  ¨accruals strategy and the C/P reflect the same underlying phenomena†. Collins and Hribar (2000) suggest that there in no link between the accruals anomaly and the â€Å"PAD†, while Fairfield et al. (2001) support that the accruals anomaly is a sub-category of an anomaly caused by the mistaken interpretation of the information about growth by the investors. Cheng and Thomas (2006) examine the claim that the accrual anomaly is a part of a broader anomaly (and more specifically, the value-glamour anomaly). Prior literature suggested that the operating cash flows to price ratio subordinates accruals in explaining future stock returns (Deshai et al (2004)). Their evidence suggests that the Operating CF to price ratio does not subsume neither abnormal nor total accruals in future announcement returns. This particular result does not confirm the claim that the accrual anomaly is a part of a broad value-glamour anomaly. Atwood and Xie (2005) focus on the relation of the accrual anomaly and the mispricing of the special items first documented by Burgstahler, Jiambalvo and Shevlin (2002). Their hypothesis that the two phenomena are highly related is confirmed since the researchers found that special items and accruals are positively correlated. Additionally, further tests yielded results that suggest that the two imperfections are not distinct, while the special items have an impact on how the market misprices the accruals. Louis and Sun (2008) aim to assess the relation between the abnormal accrual anomaly and the post earnings announcement drift anomaly. The authors hypothesize that both anomalies are related to the management of the earnings and thus, they aim to find whether the two are closely connected. The findings are consistent with the primal hypothesis, as they found that â€Å"firms with large positive change of earnings that were least likely to have manipulated earning downwards† did not suffer from PEAD, while the same result was yielded for firms that had large negative change of earnings that were least likely to have managed their earnings upwards. As supported by many researchers the value-growth anomaly and accruals anomaly might be closely related or they might even be caused by the similar or even identical roots.  Fama and French (1996) support that the book to market factor captures the risk of default, while Khan (2008) suggests that in a similar pattern firms with low accruals have a larger possibility to bankrupt. Therefore, many researchers try to connect the two phenomena or to answer whether a strategy based on the accruals can offer more than what the value growth strategy offers. Hardouvelis, Papanastopoulos, Thomakos and Wang (2009) connect the two anomalies by assessing the profitability of interacting portfolios based on the accruals and value-growth measures. Their findings support that positive returns are obtainable and magnified when a long position is held for a portfolio with low accruals while combined with stocks that are characterised as high market to book. The difference of a risked-based explanation or an imperfection of the markets is considered to be a major debate, as it can challenge the market efficiency hypothesis. Many researchers, such as Fama and French (1996) noted that any potential profitable strategy is simply due to the higher risk that the investors have to bear by holding such portfolios. In a similar way, the profitable accruals strategies are considered as a compensation for a higher risk. Stocks that yield larger returns are compared or labelled as stocks of firms that are close to a financial distress. Khan (2000) aims to confirm or reject the risk-based explanation of the accruals anomaly. The researcher uses the ICAPM in order to test if the risk captured by the model can explain the anomaly first documented by Sloan (1996). It is worth noting that the descriptive statistics results for the sample used showed that firms that had low accruals also had high bankruptcy risk.  The contribution of the paper is that, by proposing a four factor model enhanced by recent asset pricing advances, it showed that a great portion of the mispricing that results in the accrual anomaly can be explained within a risk-based framework. Furthermore, Jeffrey Ng (2005) examines the risk based explanation for the accrual anomaly which proposes that accruals include information for financial distress. As proposed by many papers, the accrual anomaly is simply based on the fact that investors bare more risk and thus low accrual firms have positive abnormal returns. The researcher tries to examine how and if the abnormal returns of a portfolio which is short on low accruals stocks and long on high accrual firms changes when controlling for distress risk. Evidence supports that at least a part of the abnormal returns are a compensation for bearing additional risk. Finally, the results support that the big portion of the high abnormal returns of the accrual strategy used in the particular paper is due to stocks that have high distress risk. 2.3.5. The accruals anomaly and its relation with firms’ characteristics. A noteworthy part of the academic literature examines the existence of some key characteristics or drivers that are highly correlated with the accruals anomaly. Many researchers have published papers that aim to identify the impact of firm characteristics such as the size of the firm, characteristics that belong to the broader environment of the firms such as the accounting standards or the power of the minority shareholders. Zhang (2007) investigates whether the accrual anomaly varies cross-sectionally while being related with firms’ specific characteristics. The researcher primarily aims to explain which the main reason for the accrual anomaly is. As Zhang (2007) mentions, Sloan (1996) attributes the accrual anomaly to the overestimation of the persistence of accruals by investors, while Fairfield (2003) argues that the accrual anomaly is a â€Å"special case of a wider anomaly based on growth†. The evidence supports the researcher’s hypothesis that characteristics such as the covariance of the employee growth with the accruals have an impact on the future stock returns. Finally, Zhang (2007) documents that that accruals co-vary with investment in fixed assets and external financing. Louis, Robinson and Sbaraglia (2006) examine whether the non-disclosure of accruals information can have an impact on the accruals anomaly. The researchers, dividing their sample into firms that disclose accruals information on the earnings announcement and firms that do not, investigate whether there exists accruals’ mispricing. The evidence supports that for firms that disclose accruals information, the market manages to correctly understand the discretionary part of the change of the earnings. On the contrary, firms that do not disclose accruals information are found to experience â€Å"a correction† on their stock price. Chambers and Payne’s (2008) primal aim is to examine the relation of the accrual anomaly and the auditing quality. The researchers’ hypothesis is that the accruals mispricing is related with the quality of auditing.  Additionally, their findings support that the stock prices do not reflect the accruals persistence characterising the lower-quality audit firms. Finally, their empirical work finds that the returns are greater for the lower-quality audit portfolio of firms. Palmon, Sudit and Yezegel (2008) examine the relation of the accruals mispricing and the company size. Evidence shows that company size affects the returns and, as the researchers documented, the negative abnormal returns are mostly due to larger firms while the positive abnormal returns come from the relatively small firms. Particularly, as the strategy with the highest profits they found the one that had a short position in the largest-top-accrual decile and a long position in the smallest-low-accrual decile. Bjojraj, Sengupta and Zhang (2009) examine the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the FAS 146 and how these two changes affected the accrual anomaly. FAS 146 (liabilities are recognized only when they are incurred) reduced the company’s ability to â€Å"manipulate† earnings while the SOX aims to enhance the credibility of the financial statements. The evidence recognises a change on how the market conceives information about restructurings charges. The authors propose that a possible explanation is that before the introduction of SOX and the FAS 146, the market was reluctant due to the ability of the firms to manage earnings. Finally, Bjojraj, Sengupta and Zhang (2009) document that post to the FAS 146 and the SOX act, low accrual portfolios do not generate positive abnormal returns. 2.4. The applications of the accruals phenomenon and reasons why it is not arbitraged away. The importance of the analysis of the anomalies is substantial for two reasons. Firstly, the profitability of a costless strategy challenges the EMH, especially if the strategy is based on bearing no additional risk. Secondly, managers’ incentives to manipulate the financial statements and consequently the accruals would be obvious if a profitable strategy based on such widely available information existed. Chen and Cheng (2002) find that the managers’ incentive to record abnormal accruals is highly correlated with the accrual anomaly. The hypothesis of the researchers, which their findings support, was that the investors fail to detect when the managers aim to record abnormal accruals and that may contribute to the accruals anomaly. Richardson’s (2000) main objective is to examine whether the information contained in the accruals is utilized by short sellers. As the researcher mentions, previous articles such as that of Teoh and Wong (1999) found that sell side analysts were unable to correctly â€Å"exploit† the information contained in accruals for future returns. Richardson suggests that short sellers are considered as sophisticated enough to utilize the accruals information. Findings confirm previous work, such as that of Sloan (2000), who suggests that even short sellers do not correctly utilize the information contained into accruals. Ali, Chen, Yao and Yu (2007) examine whether and how equity funds benefit from the accrual anomaly by taking long position into low accruals firms. The researchers aim to identify how exposed are the equity firms to such a well known anomaly and what characteristics these funds share. By constructing a measure called â€Å"accruals investing measure† (AIM), they try to document the portion of the low accruals firms into the actively managed funds. The evidence shows that generally funds are not widely exposed to low accruals firms but when they do so, they have an average of 2.83% annual return. It is worth noting that the annual return is net of transaction costs. Finally, the side-effects of high volatility in returns and in fund flows of the equity funds that are partially based on the accrual anomaly might be the reason behind the reluctance of the managers. Soares and Stark (2009) used UK firms to test whether a profitable accrual strategy is feasible net of transactions costs. Their findings support that indeed the accrual anomaly is present in the UK market. The authors suggest that for such a strategy to be profitable, someone is required to trade on firms with small market capitalization. They also suggest that although the accruals’ mispricing seems to exist also in the UK, the transaction costs limit the profits to such an extent that the accrual anomaly could be difficult characterised as a challenge to the semi strong form of the efficient market hypothesis. Finally, we should not neglect to mention two papers that discourse on why the markets do not simply correct the accruals anomaly. According to the classical theory, markets are so imperfect that can produce the incentive to the market to correct the â€Å"anomalies† at any point of time. Mashruwala, Rajgopal and Shevlin (2006) examined the transactions costs and the idiosyncratic risk as possible reasons of why the accrual anomaly is not arbitraged away. The researchers aimed to investigate why the market does not correct the anomaly, but also to identify whether the low accruals firms are riskier. The paper poses the question of what stops the informed investors from taking long positions into profitable stocks according to the accrual anomaly so that they can arbitrage it away. The paper examines the practical difficulty of finding substitutes so that the risk can be minimized and its relation with the accrual anomaly. Additionally, the paper investigates the transaction co sts and findings support that according to the accrual anomaly, the profitable stocks tend to be the ones with low stock prices and low trading volume. Lev and Nissim (2004) focus on the persistence of the accr

Automobile Industry in India Essay

Chennai accounts for 60% of the country’s automotive exports. In tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled the standards titled ‘India 2000’ in 2000 with later upgraded guidelines as ‘Bharat Stage’. These standards are quite similar to the more stringent European standards and have been traditionally implemented in a phased manner, with the latest upgrade getting implemented in 13 cities and later, in the rest of the nation. The Automotive Industry has flourished in Pune Region in Maharashtra, What were the special conditions were there for this development. Still Indian cars are not considered as a class in itself compared to European cars. India’s strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen and Maruti Suzuki In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars. Indian brands: AMW(Asian motor works- Commersial vehicles), Eicher Motors(tractors, Buses, components), Force(Bajaj Tempo), Hindustan motors(Birla, Ambassador car, Joint venture with Mitsubishi), Premier(Padmini, Moved from Mumbai to Pune), Tata, Mahindra, BharatBenz. Per capita penetration at around nine cars per thousand people is among the lowest in the world. While the industry is highly capital intensive in nature in case of four-wheelers, capital intensity is a lot less for two-wheelers. Though three-wheelers and tractors have low barriers to entry in terms of technology, four wheelers is technology intensive. Costs involved in branding, distribution network and spare parts availability increase entry barriers. With the Indian market moving towards complying with global standards, capital expenditure will rise to take into account future safety regulations. Automobile majors increase profitability by selling more units. As number of units sold increases, average cost of selling an incremental unit comes down. This is because the industry has a high fixed cost component. This is the key reason why operating efficiency through increased localization of components and maximizing output per employee is of significance. Maruti Suzuki, which is the market leader in PVs, had to deal with labour strikes at its plant at Manesar as a result of which production was severely hit. As petrol prices firmed up, the differential between petrol and diesel widened. Thus, there was a surge in demand for diesel cars. Most companies faced pressure at the operating level as margins declined due to rise in input costs. Steep depreciation of the rupee also took its toll. Tractors: While good monsoon is a positive for the sector, given the fact that non-farm incomes have continued to climb up, volumes should still hold up well in the longer run despite a year or two of poor monsoons. privatisation of select state transport undertakings bodes well for the bus segment.

New Article Reveals the Low Down on English Essay Topics for Class 12th and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on English Essay Topics for Class 12th and Why You Must Take Action Today Up in Arms About English Essay Topics for Class 12th? What actually is terrorism it's the spread of terror, as its name indicates. This list of topics may supply a notion that you could get excited about. Make certain you use language which is appropriate for the audience you're addressing to. You will need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data also. Ensure you write in paragraphs. OR you could begin with a quote regarding the topic and go with the salutations and introduction. A quote in the center of the speech would likewise be fine. Feel free to provide your own personal opinion in a couple of lines. Facts, Fiction and English Essay Topics for Class 12th Use of quotes is highly advised. Senator Denton has called it `the most commonly practiced kind of contemporary warfare. Students are requested to indicate how a specific sentence may be corrected or improved or the way the organization or development of a paragraph may be strengthened. Cell phones should not be used while driving. Top English Essay Topics for Class 12th Secrets When it's the start of the semester, this might be a little harder to do. You will need that opportunity to write. Scientists have also said that early morning is the ideal time to study and earn knowledge. Rising up early also relieves tension and tension as it offers you the opportunit y to squeeze in a workout before getting distracted. The End of English Essay Topics for Class 12th Spam mail needs to be outlawed. It will provide you with an idea concerning how they are in fact written. It's been proved that morning folks are persistent and proactive. It just isn't likely to take place. What Does English Essay Topics for Class 12th Mean? You're not likely to have the ability to compose a successful essay with no practice or preparation. You may surely start your practice for the exact same! Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Terrorism can likewise be defined as an organized method of intimidation and violence particularly for political function. India has been facing the issue of terrorism in various parts of the nation. Governments and militaries can deal with the external threats but to have an authentic independent nation, we will need to fix the internal issue. Terrorism is the principal problem of our country this moment. Of late, it has become a world-wide phenomenon. School tests aren't powerful. A lot of students put on a uniform. They should be allowed to pray in school. They learn to write effectively when they write more often. English Essay Topics for Class 12th Secrets That No One Else Knows About Also, there may be essay, speech or debate questions for Technology Technology has come to be an integral portion of our lives. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Students often discover that a large part of their work on those essays is done before they even begin writing. Presentation is vital. Activity Here are a couple topics for essay writing. Books ought never to be banned. Answers of all of the questions of latest CBSE Sample Paper can be found in this Marking Scheme. The English Essay Topics for Class 12th Game Teens ought to be able to select their bedtime. They should be required to take parenting classes. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. If an individual is physically fit, he's also mentally fit and healthy. When you own a lot of varied points, it is wise you select a few best ones and compose a line on each. It's possible you've too many points or hardly any points. Underlining the primary points is quite important. If this is the case, you are likely to assume he'll request that you write something about the source of the war. How people will act if there will not be any rules in any way. Indeed, the sky isn't far. Therefore, if you don't develop a tradition of waking up before the remainder of the planet, you won't be in a position to modify the world. Gun ownership ought to be tightly controlled. They're matters of private option, not forc ed. She would like to keep quiet within her class when she teaches. If you're requested to include three or more examples, make certain you've included three. They're activities that we're really interestedin and hence give us a good deal of pleasure. For this, one should keep up an appropriate schedule and has to go to bed in time. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. Imagine the simplicity and convenience of having all your kilts and accessories in 1 place.

Malware And Its Effects On Our Computer - 1882 Words

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